chapter 10

Marissa is in the 4th month of her first pregnancy. Although she has no major health problems, her pre-pregnancy BMI was 32.2. Based on this information, she has a high risk of developing ________.

hypertension

By 2020, the FDA had approved over 50 prescription medications for use as appetite suppressing agents.

false

George is a 5′ 8′′, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he has tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. George's physician is likely to recommend a ________ as a long-term solution to help George lose his excess body fat and maintain the weight loss.

sleeve gastrectomy

The omentum stores adipose tissue that is referred to as "visceral fat."

true

The ________ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

thyroid

Males involved in competitive sports, especially ________, are at risk of the male athlete triad.

wrestling

A woman who is obese during pregnancy has a higher risk of delivering an infant who has birth defects than a pregnant woman whose body weight is in the healthy range.

true

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production, release, or action of ________.

leptin

The ________ is a numerical value that reflects body weight adjusted for height.

body mass index

Which of the following statements is true?

As people growolder, their metabolic rates decline.

Macey's BMI is 30.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the ________ range.

obese

Which of the following statements is true?

Disordered eating practices are usually temporary and occur when the person is under stress.

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?

Losing muscle mass

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

-being pregnant

-consuming caffeine

Tyrone's BMI is 27.2. Based on this information, his weight is in the ________ range

overweight

Cellulite is metabolically active fat tissue that is located primarily in the omentum of a woman.

false

Jerad's BMI is 31.4. His waistline measures 42 inches, and his hip circumference measures 38 inches. Based on this information, he has ________.

a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes

________ is the primary function of adipose cells.

Storing triglycerides (fat)

Jennifer has lost weight by following a well-balanced and calorie-reduced weight loss diet plan that includes daily exercise for several months. Recently, her rate of weight loss slowed, and this week, she lost no weight, even though she has continued to follow the weight loss plan. Based on this information, Jennifer has ________.

reached a "plateau," because she's in energy equilibrium

Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" or "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6 and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing ________.

an eating disorder

Which of the following statements is true?

Fat cells produceleptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?

Bioelectrical impedance

Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?

A 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight.

________ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.

Subcutaneous

Pedro would like to gain weight, but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder, his BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.7 in one year. According to this information, his physician will need to ________.

determine whether he has a serious chronic disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease

________ fat is located in the omentum.

visceral

Leona is a 5′ 4′′, 30-year-old woman who weighs almost 225 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. Leona would like to try a surgical weight loss method that can be reversed if she has serious side effects. Based on this information, Leona's physician is likely to recommend ________ as the best way to help Leona lose her excess body weight.

adjustable gastric banding

Ming's BMI is 17.4. According to this information, Ming is ________.

underweight

The signs and symptoms of diabulimia are the same as those that occur in people with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.

true

Which of the following conditions or situations increases a person's metabolic rate?

fever

Typical treatments for eating disorders include ________.

psychological therapy

Esther would like to gain weight, but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder, her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in one year. According to this information, Esther's physician will need to ________.

determine whether Esther has cancer or another serious chronic disease

Which of the following statements is true?

Anorexia nervosa is the most serious eating disorder, because the condition has the highest death rate of any psychological disorder.

In the United States, ________ are more likely to be obese than other adults

non-Hispanic black women

Ashley's BMI is 16.8. Based on this information, her weight is in the ________ range.

underweight

Risk factors for eating disorders include ________.

being teased about one's weight

The weight loss medication orlistat (Alli) ________.

reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the digestive tract

Breathing, circulating blood, and thinking are ________ activities.

basal metabolic

A person's risk of ________ increases as his or her BMI is 25 or more.

*not cycticfibrosis

Shelby is a 5′ 2′′, 23-year-old woman who weighs almost 250 pounds. To lose weight, she has tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like to try a surgical weight loss method that reduces the size of her stomach without the use of staples and is reversible. Her physician is likely to recommend ________.

adjustable gastric banding

Manuel's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the ________ range.

healthy

Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. He weighs 230 pounds, and his BMI is 23.7. According to this information, Jason ________.

has more lean than fat tissue

Imani has a "pear-shaped" body because her excess body fat is distributed mostly below her waist. Her body fat distribution is associated with ________.

fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of her body

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water?

*not bioelectrical impedance, air displacement

A simple way to predict a person's risk of developing serious chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes is to measure his or her waist circumference.

true

Angelina is a 21-year-old woman who weighs 64 kg. Using the simple "rule of thumb" method, what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

1382 kcal

During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Jamal's teeth has eroded, and the some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Jamal ________.

frequently makes himself vomit after eating

Which of the following activities is an aspect of basal metabolism?

Building bone tissue

Members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________ to maintain the weight they have lost.

eat breakfast daily

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop ________ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.

type 2diabetes

Craig is a 22-year-old man who has a healthy percentage of body fat. Based on this information, about ________ of his body is fat.

15%

Leptin is a hormone that stimulates fat cells to store triglycerides.

false

Barry is a 25-year-old man who weighs 222 pounds. Using the simple "rule of thumb" method, what is his estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

2422 kcal

A pound of body fat contains about ________ kcal.

3500

Which of the following persons is in a state of positive energy balance?

A 25-year-old woman who is in her 6th month of pregnancy

People with night eating syndrome experience eating binges and purging activities that typically occur between 5 and 8 p.m.

false

________ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time.

Bariatricsurgery

Leptin is a hormone that reduces hunger.

true

Jose's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of ________.

cardiovascular disease

Peter is a 5′ 7′′, 30-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. Peter would like to have weight loss surgery that involves stapling his stomach. Based on this information, Peter's physician is likely to recommend the ________ as the best way to help Peter lose his excess body weight and maintain the weight loss.

Roux-en-Y procedure

"Cellulite" is ________.

subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance.

Alyssa is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 132 pounds. Using the simple "rule of thumb" method, what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

1296 kcal

A new weight loss program includes recommendations that are likely to be unsafe and not result in long-term weight loss and maintenance. Which of the following recommendations is a component of this particular weight loss program?

The person only eats foods that are green or red in color.

Kume is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 154 pounds. Using the simple "rule of thumb" method, what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs?

1512 kcal

To be effective, treatment for eating disorders should include a multidisciplinary approach that involves experts in dietetics, medicine, and mental health.

True

Tamara is a 19-year-old female college student. Her percentage of body fat is 8%. Which of the following statements about Tamara is true?

*Tamara's percentageof body fat is acceptable, if her body water content is higher thanaverage.

According to the "set-point theory," a person's ________.

body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production, release, or action of ________.

*not ghrelin

While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as ________.

NEAT

People with BMIs of 25 or more have greater risks of ________ than people with BMIs in the healthy range.

hypertension

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

According to the ______ theory, a person's body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.

set-point

According to the DSM-5, the three main types of eating disorders are ________.

binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa

Ghrelin is a hormone that reduces hunger.

false

Young men and women participating in sports that benefit from a low body weight can develop signs and symptoms of the athlete triad.

true

Which of the following statements is true?

A young person'smetabolic rate increases during periods of growth.

A person's ________ does not influence the amount of energy he or she uses while performing physical activity.

ethnicancestry

Which of the following behaviors is typical of sign someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?

Eating only apples and cooked pasta with grated cheese for several days

Victoria is a 21-year-old world-class gymnast who trains, on average, for about 6 hours/day. She frequently experiences stress fractures of the bones in her feet. Although she is not pregnant, she has not had a menstrual period for the past 6 months. Based on this information, Victoria probably has ________.

female athlete triad

Members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________ to maintain the weight they have lost.

exercise, on average, for 60 minutes daily