NNU A&P 2 exam 5 (digetive)

Which of the following is true about gallstones?
a. can be benign (stay in gallbladder)
b. can block secretion of bile from the cholecyst
c. can block secretion of pancreatic juice into duodenum
d. all of these
e. none of these

d. all of these

Which is the correct order of regions of the digestive tract from superior to inferior (NOTE... some regions/organs may not be listed even in the correct sequence answers)?
a. pharynx, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine
b. oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx, duodenum
c. oral cavity, pharynx, small intestine, large intestine
d. anus, large intestine, stomach, esophagus
e. pharynx, oral cavity, small intestine, large intestine

c. oral cavity, pharynx, small intestine, large intestine

The movement of the molecules out of the digestive tract into circulation or the lymphatic system is...
a. secretion
b. peristalsis
c. chemical digestion
d. absorption
e. none of the above

d. absorption

Which of the following is/are function(s) of the small intestine?
a. absorption of nutrients
b. mixing (via segmental contractions)
c. chemical digestions of food
d. all of these
e. none of these

d. all of these

Arrange the following in proper sequence: (1) digestion, (2) elimination, (3) ingestion, (4) absorption
a. 3, 4, 2, 1
b. 3, 1, 4, 2
c. 4, 1, 2, 3
d. 3, 4, 1, 2
e. 1, 4, 3, 2

b. 3, 1, 4, 2

The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is...
a. skeletal muscle throughout the digestive tract, especially in the large intestine.
b. the layer of the digestive tract wall that contains capillaries for absorption of nutrients.
c. in direct contact with the food that is consumed.
d. composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.
e. connective tissue and the peritoneum.

d. composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.

The enteric plexus....
a. is found in the mucosa.
b. consists of the network of connective tissue to provide strength and structure.
c. contains primarily sympathetic neurons and fibers.
d. controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract.
e. none of these.

d. controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract.

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food consumed?
a. mucosa
b. muscularis
c. submucosa
d. serosa
e. peritoneum

a. mucosa

Parasympathetic nerves extend to the digestive tract through the _________ nerve.
a. gastric
b. cardiac
c. vagus
d. accessory

c. vagus

Where is the uvula located?
a. on the hard palate
b. hanging in the fauces
c. lateral wall of the fauces
d. under the tongue

b. hanging in the fauces

Which of the following is NOT a muscle of mastication that elevates the mandible?
a. temporalis
b. masseter
c. medial pterygoids
d. lateral pterygoids

d. lateral pterygoids

The salivary glands that open into the oral cavity beside the frenulum of the tongue are the....
a. parotid glands.
b. sublingual glands.
c. submandibular glands.
d. labial glands.
e. lacrimal glands.

c. submandibular glands.

The digestive functions performed by saliva and salivary amylase respectively are...
a. flushing and protein digestion.
b. swallowing and fat digestion.
c. peristalsis and polysaccharide digestion.
d. moistening and starch digestion.
e. None of these choices are correct.

d. moistening and starch digestion.

Mastication...
a. increases the surface area of food particles.
b. decreases the efficiency of digestion.
c. occurs in both the mouth and stomach.
d. is never under voluntary control.
e. increases the volume of food particles.

a. increases the surface area of food particles.

Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the...

a. epiglottis.

b. palatine tonsils.

c. tongue.

d. nasal septum.

e. none of these.

e. none of these.

What structure moves food from the pharynx to the stomach?
a. larynx
b. laryngopharynx
c. esophagus
d. epiglottis

c. esophagus

What keeps the bolus from entering the larynx during deglutition?
a. the epiglottis
b. the uvula
c. the tongue
d. the upper esophageal sphincter

a. the epiglottis

Which of the following cell types of the stomach is correctly matched with its function?

a. mucous cells - produce intrinsic factor

b. parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid

c. chief cells - produce mucus

d. endocrine cells - produce enzymes

e. chief cells - produce hormones

b. parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid

Inability of the pyloric sphincter to open would prevent....
a. food from entering the stomach
b. stomach acid from being released
c. digestive enzymes from being released
d. food from entering the small intestine
e. the making of chyme

d. food from entering the small intestine

Which of the following events occurs as a consequence of low pH of stomach secretions?
a. activation of salivary amylase
b. enhanced carbohydrate digestion
c. proper environment for functioning of pepsin
d. protein synthesis
e. lipid digestion

c. proper environment for functioning of pepsin

Anticipation of eating food causes an increase in secretion of gastric juice. This phase of gastric secretion is called the ____________ phase.
a. cephalic
b. gastric
c. intestinal
d. pancreatic
e. conscious

a. cephalic

Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called...
a. bolusin
b. chyme
c. bile
d. phlegm
e. feces

b. chyme

Enzymes present in the small intestine include...
a. disaccharidases
b. lipase
c. amylase
d. all of these
e, none of these

d. all of these

The villi, microvilli and plicae circularis function to...
a. liberate hormones
b. promote peristalsis
c. produce bile
d. increase surface area for absorption
e. stimulate chemical digestion

d. increase surface area for absorption

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by the union of the....
a. pancreatic duct with the lacteals
b. greater duodenal papilla with the lesser duodenal papilla
c. common bile duct and pancreatic duct
d. cystic duct and interlobular duct
e. hepatic ducts and cystic ducts

c. common bile duct and pancreatic duct

What portion of the small intestine is the most distal from the pylorus of the stomach?
a. jejunum
b. duodenum
c. ileum
d. common bile duct
e. hepatopancreatic ampulla

c. ileum

What is found within an intestinal villus?
a. blood capillaries and a lacteal
b. stratified squamous epithelium
c. Peyer patches and adipose
d. all of these
e. none of these

a. blood capillaries and a lacteal

The gallbladder...
a. produces bile
b. is attached to the pancreas
c. stores bile
d. produces secretin
e. breaks down red blood cells

c. stores bile

The pancreatic islets...
a. are found in the stomach wall
b. excrete mucus
c. produce digestive enzymes
d. are exocrine in function
e. are endocrine in function

e. are endocrine in function

Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi to the small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder. (1) common bile duct, (2) common hepatic duct, (3) cystic duct, (4) left and right hepatic ducts.

a. 3, 4, 2

b. 3, 2, 1

c. 4, 2, 1

d. 4, 1, 2

e. 1, 4, 2

c. 4, 2, 1

Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the...
a. hepatic artery
b. hepatic portal vein
c. hepatic vein
d. inferior vena cava
e. celiac trunk

b. hepatic portal vein

Bile...
a. digests proteins in the small intestine
b. emulsifies fats in the small intestine
c. is made by the gallbladder and stored by the liver
d. activates trypsin in the small intestine
e. activates the pancreas

b. emulsifies fats in the small intestine

Functions of the liver include...
a. production of many blood proteins
b. interconversion of nutrients
c. detoxification of harmful chemicals
d. bile production
e. all of these are functions of the liver

e. all of these are functions of the liver

Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum. (1) ascending colon, (2) descending colon, (3) sigmoid colon, (4) transverse colon
a. 1, 2, 3, 4
b. 1, 4, 2, 3
c. 2, 3, 1, 4
d. 2, 4, 1, 3
e. 1, 4, 3, 2

b. 1, 4, 2, 3

The major secretion of the large intestine is...
a. bile
b. hormones
c. mucus
d. vitamins
e. bacteria

c. mucus

The anal canal....
a. begins at the descending colon and ends at the rectum
b. has an internal sphincter composed of smooth muscle
c. contains many goblet cells
d. contains tubular glands called crypts
e. has an external sphincter composed of smooth muscle

b. has an internal sphincter composed of smooth muscle

The digestive juice that contains enzymes capable of digesting all major food groups is...
a. gastric juice
b. biliary juice
c. salivary juice
d. pancreatic juice
e. hepatic juice

d. pancreatic juice

Feces consists of....
a. water
b. undigestible food
c. bacteria
d. sloughed-off epithelial cells
e. All of these are found in feces

e. All of these are found in feces

The defecation reflex...
a. is stimulated by distention of the rectum
b. inhibits further peristalsis in the rectum and lower colon
c. constricts the internal anal sphincter
d. lasts several hours
e. None of these choices is correct

a. is stimulated by distention of the rectum

Which of the following does NOT illustrate digestion?
a. polysaccharides -> disaccharides
b. fat -> fatty acids and glycerol
c. CO2 and H2O -> carbohydrates
d. protein -> amino acids
e. disaccharides -> monosaccharides

c. CO2 and H2O -> carbohydrates

Emulsification...
a. converts small lipid droplets into larger droplets.
b. occurs in the gallbladder.
c. chemically digests lipids.
d. increases surface area for lipid digestion.
e. involves enzymes.

d. increases surface area for lipid digestion.

Which of the following nutrients must be digested in order to be absorbed?
a. Water
b. Vitamins
c. Proteins
d. Minerals
e. Cholesterol

c. Proteins

An example of chemical digestion is the breakdown of __________ into ___________.
a. proteins; nucleotides
b. amino acids; proteins
c. polysaccharides; amino acids
d. nucleic acids; nucleotides
e. fatty acids; cholesterol

d. nucleic acids; nucleotides

Infants have ________ deciduous teeth, whereas adults have ________ permanent teeth.
a. 20; 32
b. 16; 20
c. 28; 20
d. 32; 20
e. 32; 32

a. 20; 32

The ________ regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum.
a. gastric rugae
b. antrum
c. pyloric sphincter
d. fundic region
e. cardiac region

c. pyloric sphincter

Pepsinogen is produced by ________ and is activated by ________, which is secreted by ________.
a. chief cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH); parietal cells
b. chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl); parietal cells
c. parietal cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl); chief cells
d. parietal cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH); chief cells
e. enteroendocrine cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH); parietal cells

b. chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl); parietal cells

The ________ stores excess glucose in the form of glycogen and releases it into the blood when needed.
a. pancreas
b. stomach
c. liver
d. spleen
e. small intestine

c. liver

Which of the following nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?
a. Triglycerides
b. Amino acids
c. Glucose
d. Minerals
d. Water-soluble vitamins

a. Triglycerides

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the ________, whereas protein digestion begins in the ________.
a. liver; small intestine
b. small intestine; stomach
c. mouth; stomach
d. mouth; small intestine
e. stomach; small intestine

c. mouth; stomach

The alimentary canal extends, in its entirety, from...
a. the mouth to the large intestine
b. the stomach to the small intestine
c. the liver to the gallbladder
d. the mouth to the anus
e. the anus to the pharynx

d. the mouth to the anus

Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract...
a. from the esophagus to the rectum
b. in the stomach and the small intestine only
c. in the small and large intestines only
d. in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
e. only in the rectum and anus

a. from the esophagus to the rectum

The mechanical breakup of food particles in the mouth is called...
a. mastication
b. salivation
c. peristalsis
d. absorption
e. perturbation

a. mastication

Salivary amylase digests...
a. carbohydrates
b. proteins
c. fats
d. vitamins
e. all of the above

a. carbohydrates

Edith suffers from severe heartburn. She goes to her physician and is diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. This condition is a consequence of a weakness in her....
a. abdominal wall
b. pelvic wall
c. diaphragm
d. stomach wall
e. small intestine

c. diaphragm

Gallstones are usually composed of precipitated...
a. calcium salts
b. uric acid
c. cholesterol
d. bile pigments
e. gallium

c. cholesterol

One of the major functions of the large intestine is to....
a. secrete digestive enzymes
b. absorb ingested water
c. regulate the release of bile
d. break down hemoglobin
e. digest alcohol

b. absorb ingested water

Which bones form the hard palate?
a. Palatine bones
b. Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae
c. Ethmoid and spheniod bones
d. Palatine bones and maxillae
e. Maxillae and sphenoid

d. Palatine bones and maxillae

A sphincter is a....
a. thickening of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis that propels materials through the GI tract
b. thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls the movement of materials through the GI tract
c. fold of the mucosa of the GI tract that increases the total surface area for absorption of nutrients
d. circle of adventitia that anchors the GI tract to neighboring structures

b. thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls the movement of materials through the GI tract

The term "canines" describes the teeth that....
a. are most anterior, used for slicing and cutting
b. are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing
c. bear dental cusps for cutting and grinding
d. are only found as permanent teeth

b. are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing

The inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the...
a. cardiac sphincter
b. pyloric sphincter
c. pharyngoesophageal sphincter
d. pharyngealgastric sphincter
e. esophageal hiatus

a. cardiac sphincter

The central vein in each hepatic lobule contains which of the following?
a. waste products from hepatocytes
b. blood from hepatic portal vein
c. blood from hepatic artery
d. all of these
e. none of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is true about pancreatic juice?
a. it is formed by alpha, beta and delta cells in the pancreas
b. it is acidic to aid stomach acid in digestion
c. it is stored in the cholecyst
d. all of these are true
e. none of these are true

e. none of these are true

Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest: (1) dipeptide, (2) protein, (3) amino acid, (4) polypeptide
a. 3, 1, 4, 2
b. 4, 1, 2, 3
c. 2, 4, 1, 3
d. 1, 2, 3, 4
e. 2, 4, 3, 1

c. 2, 4, 1, 3

T or F? A patient with a fecal impaction may exhibit diarrhea.
a. true
b. false

b. False

T or F? Food is masticated within the space/area called the vestibule.
a. True
b. False

b. False