10. Transition metal catalysts

What do catalysts do?

Lower AE and speed up the reaction by offering an alternate pathway

What is the use and products of the transition metal / compound iron?

Haber process and produces ammonia

What is the use and products of the transition metal / compound nickel?

Hydrogenation of vegetable oils and produces margarine

What is the use and products of the transition metal / compound platinum?

Oxidation of ammonia and produces nitric acid

What is the use and products of the transition metal / compound vanadium pentoxide?

Contact process and produces sulphuric acid

What is the use and products of the transition metal / compound manganese?

Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and produces water and oxygen

What factors make transition metals effective as catalysts?

Partially filled d orbitals and variable oxidation states

Why does having partially filled d orbitals make transition metals effective catalysts?

Empty d orbitals can form coordinate bonds with species with lone pairs of electrons, and bring reacting species closer together

Why does having variable oxidation states make transition metals effective catalysts?

Can act as reducing or oxidising agents in redox reactions, and will return to its original oxidation state

What are the different kinds of state?

Heterogenous

What does heterogenous mean?

Different phase (s, l, g) and solids provide a surface for absorption

What is the use of heterogenous?

Fe in the haber process

What does homogenous mean?

Same phase and has variable oxidation stage for oxidation and reduction reactions

What is homogenous used for?

Acid hydrolysis of esters