unit 3 : absolutism & constitiutionalism

absolutism

king holds all the power

enlightenment

a time when ppl started questioning old ideas & believed in freedom & fair government

liberalism

people have rights and freedoms

skepticism

doubt

empiricism

experience & obersvation = real knowledge

frederick ii of prussia

enlighted monarch who expanded prussia , promoted education, military genius and supported religious tolerance

peter the great

westernized russia, created poweful army, & founded st petersburg

catherine the great of prussia

expanded russian empire and supported the arts and attempted enlightenment reforms

english civil war

king charles i (king james son) vs parliament bc charlies rried to rule w/o parliament, taxed & forced religious changed which made ppl (puritans) mad

enlighhtenment reforms

changes inspired by the ideas of the enlightenment

oliver cromwell

led the puritan army against charles I in the english civil war, ruled england and abolished the monarchy for a while

james ii

tried to increase absolute power and favor catholicism & appointed catholics to higher positions, angering protestants

glorious revolution

bloodless overthrow of james ii and establishment of william iii and mary ii

jean baptiste colbert

finance minister who implemented his mercantilist policies that aimed to make france wealthy

john locke

english philosopher that believed that ppl have natural rights to life liberty and property

adam smith

scottish economist who promoted frer markets and limited government and his ideas were a key to the rise of economic liberalism

economic liberalism

belief in free markets, private property, & limeted governments

slave trade

africans were put to work on plantations in the americas

agriculutral revolution

changes in farming practices durijg the 17th and 18th century

the fronde

nobles rebelling against the king bc they wanted power and didnt like taxes

puritans

english protestants

treaty of utecht

ended the war of the spanish succession

7 years war

wat between britain & france. they were fighting over colonies in north america, india, & the carribbesn

otto von bismarck

prussian statesman who became the first chancellor of the german empire & played a major role in unifying germany

realpolitik

a way of making decisions based on what works in the real world rather than what is based on beliefs

did bismarck use realpolitik to unify germany

yes

austro prussian war

prussia defeating austria, leading to the north german confederation

franco prussian war

bismarck using diplomacy to provoke france, uniting german states, leading to the creation of germany