Lecture Notes on Philippine History, Science, and Language

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Philippine presidents, biology branches, science proponents, Earth's spheres, planetary facts, and Philippine legislative history based on lecture notes.

Emilio Aguinaldo

The youngest president ($29$ y/o) and the first (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolos Republic).

Manuel Quezon

Known as the Father of Social Justice & National Language; the first Senate President elected as the president of the Philippines, featured on the $20$-peso bill.

Jose Laurel

The Puppet President of the Japanese regime occupation who served in all three branches of the government: senator, congressman, associate justice, and president.

Sergio Osmeña

The first assembly speaker, the second President of the Commonwealth, and the shortest serving president.

Manuel Roxas

The first President of the $3$rd Republic of the Philippines and a past President of the Philippine Commonwealth who focused on reconstruction from war damage.

Elpidio Quirino

The first president from the Ilocos Region; focused on economic reconstruction and restoration of people's trust in the government.

Ramon Magsaysay

Known as the 'Man of the masses' and 'Little man'; his presidency is called the 'Golden Years' due to a lack of corruption; established NARRA.

Carlos Garcia

Known for the Filipino First Policy ('Pilipino muna') and recognized as the Prince of Visayan Poets and Bard from Bohol.

Diosdado Macapagal

The Father of Land Reform Law; shifted Independence Day from July $4$ to June $12$ and established the Land Bank of the Philippines.

Ferdinand Marcos Sr.

Implemented Martial Law on September $21$, $1973$ via Proclamation no. $1081$; the first President from Ilocos Norte.

Corazon Aquino

The first Asian Woman President and known as the Mother of Democracy.

Fidel Ramos

President associated with the Philippine $2000$ socio-economic program.

Joseph Estrada

Known as the Father of masses and was the first president in Asia to be impeached.

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

President whose flagship program was the 'Strong Republic'.

Benigno Aquino III

Implemented the 'No wang-wang' (street siren) policy and was the first president to win in an automated election.

Rodrigo Duterte

The first Mindanaoan President and oldest Filipino elected to the presidency; known for the War on Drugs and Federalism Advocacy.

Ferdinand Marcos Jr.

The $17$th president of the Philippines.

HUKBALAHAP

Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon.

Conjunctions (Pangatnig)

Words such as para/for, at/and, nor, or pero/but, yet, so, ni, ngunit.

Proper Sequence of Adjectives

$1.$ ARTICLES, $2.$ OPINION, $3.$ SIZE, $4.$ AGE, $5.$ SHAPE, $6.$ COLOR, $7.$ MATERIAL, $8.$ PURPOSE.

Ballad

A narrative poem, often a folk tale/legend, intended to be sung.

Haiku

A Japanese poem about nature consisting of $3$ lines and $17$ syllables in a $5$, $7$, $5$ pattern.

Tanka

A Japanese poem consisting of $5$ lines and $31$ syllables in a $5-7-5-7-7$ pattern.

Entomology

The branch of biology that deals with the study of insects.

Mycology

The branch of biology that deals with the study of fungi.

Morphology

The branch of biology that deals with phenotype or appearance.

Carolus Linnaeus

The Father of Taxonomy.

Robert Hooke

The scientist who termed 'cells' (cellulase).

Anton Van Leuwenhoek

The first person to observe microscopic organisms (animal cule).

Robert Brown

The scientist who discovered the Nucleus.

Matthias Schieden

A botanist who found that all plants consist of cells.

Rudolf Virchow

The scientist who proposed that cells come from existing cells.

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

The five layers the Atmosphere is divided into.

Anthrosphere

The sphere related to ancestors.

Sun

Comprises $99.86\%$ of the Solar System; believed to have formed $4.6$ billion years ago.

Mercury

A planet named after the Roman God; has no satellite or atmosphere.

Venus

The Goddess of Love and Beauty and sister planet of Earth; discovered by Mariner $2$.

Jupiter

A Gas Giant and the fastest rotating planet ($10$hrs less); contains the Great Red Spot storm observed for $350$yrs.

Uranus

A Sky & Ice Giant discovered by Frederick William Herschel.

Jus Sanguini

The Right of Blood.

Jus Soli

The Right of the Soil (place).

Biak na Bato

A pact/thought of the $1$st Republic where Spaniards paid $P200,000$.

1987 Constitution

Contains $18$ articles and was chaired by Cecilla Muñoz Palma (Feb $2$, $1987$).

Kyoto Protocol (UNNCC)

An act to fight global warming by decreasing greenhouse gases.

Underwood-Simmons Act

An act for full free foreign trade.

Payne Aldrich Act

An act for partial free foreign trade.

Homo Habilis

Described as 'man of steel' (bighead, uses muscle).

Homo Erectus

The man who discovered fire and clothes.

Homo Sapiens

Thinking man who can produce materials.