Human A&P II final- Dr. Heda

external sensations are monitored by

somatic sensory receptors

a reduction in sensitivity in the presence of constant stimulus is called

adaptation

nerve impulse travel through various structures. arrange in the order through which they travel

receptor, sensory neurons, CNS, motor neurons, effector

soft mass of tissue located at medial canthus

caruncle

contain melanocytes

iris

vascular layer

choroid

contain photoreceptors

retina

which one of the following is better than normal vision

20/18

swellings in the semicircular canals are called

ampullae

nociceptors

pain receptors

myopia

nearsightedness

hyperopia

farsightedness

organs that perform the function of more than one organ system

hypothalamus and Pancreas

which of the following primarily targets the gonads

follicle stimulating hormone

hormone produced by adipose tissue

leptin

glucocorticoids are produced by

middle layer of adrenal cortex

calcitonin,

is released when blood calcium levels are high and it reduces osteoclast activities

parathyroid hormone is released when calcium levels are low (T/F)

true

progestin

alpha cells

enzyme activating the protein phosphorylation are called

protein kinase

range for normal blood glucose levels

70-110 mg/dL

which of the following is not a function of respiratory system

nutrient exchange

when breathing by mouth air first travels through

oropharynx

the layer of serous membrane that is directly in contact of the lungs is the

visceral pleura

the trachea

is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages

damage to the septal cells of the lungs would most likely result in

reduction in surfactant production

involuntary respiration is controlled by

pons and medulla

pleural effusion

liquid build up in pleural cavity

insomnia

sleeplessness

the gas with the highest partial pressure in air

nitrogen

number of breaths per minute in adults

12-20 bpm

bicarbonate moves out of RBCs in the exchange of _______________ ions

chloride

anatomical name of tiny air pockets where gaseous exchange takes place

alveoli

each hemoglobin molecule contains

none of the above

the amount of blood pumped by heart in a given day in a person with 4.8 liters of blood

6720

the cardiac pacemaker cells are located in which of the following

SA node

arteriosclerosis can lead to

hardening of arteries, coronary artery disease, and stroke

veins are more elastic than arteries (T/F)

false

blood leaves to heart via aorta with the pressure of

100 mm Hg

total number of pulmonary veins

4

thinnest and smallest of all types of blood vessels

capillaries

connective tissue disease caused by defective fibrillin

marfans syndrome

which of the following is/are membranous layers

serosa and mucosa

the bulk of the tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone is called

dentin

fundus is indicated by

B

a sphincter is indicated by

B

which of the following organs is recently described as an independent organ

mesenteries

longest portion of small intestine is

ileum

which one of the following statements is NOT true about the hormone glucagon

converts additional glucose in glycogen and its activities are anabolic

in the filter about nerve plexus that initiate mixing and churning of chyme in stomach is indicated by

A

which of the following is a lipid based hormone

vitamin K

amount of water lost per day through feces

200 mL

specific type of carbs digesting enzymes are produced by

microvilli

a buffering agent that helps to increase the ph of chyme

sodium bicarbonate

parietal cells

hydrochloric acid

myenteric plexus

initiate mixing waves

number of hours that it takes for food to reach from duodenum to the end of small intestine

5 hours

portion of teeth that is considered as strongest biological material

enamel

longest cranial nerve that innnervates with the neuronal plexus of stomach

vagus

for each molecule of glucose broken down activity at the electron transport system in the inner mitochondrial membrane provides how many molecule of ATP

32

in the electron transport system which of the following are pumped into the inter membrane space for ATP generation

hydrogen ions

molecules that transport excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver are

HDLs

triglycerides breakdown into

non of these

which of the following chemical reactions performed by the liver creates sugar from non-carbohydrate sources

gluconeogenesis

which one of the following is not a coenzyme

cytochromes

American diet mostly includes

ultra processed food

urine production begins in region labeled as

3

#9 is indicating at

renal capsule

the intracellular fluid is found in

the cytoplasm

which of the following are components of a renal corpuscle

glomerulus and glomerular

specific gravity is the term used to compare how much heavier urine is than

distilled water

which one of the following structures first receives the fully formed urine

minor calyces

red muscles

aerobic metabolism

pyruvic acid

CH3-CO-COOH

a nucleic acid that never takes part in ATP synthesis

DNA

what is the ratio of carbon and hydrogen in lipids like in Lauric acid

1:2

write the chemical formula for glucose

C6H12O6

the male and female gonads are _______, __________ respectively

testes, ovaries

how many spermatids are produced after the completion of meiosis II in spermatogenesis

four

most of the fluid portion of semen is contributed by

seminal gland

chromosomal structure where two sister chromatids are attached

centromere

number of lobules in each testis

250

homologous copy of a chromosome

chromatid

nucleus and mitochondria becomes the __________, __________ of spermatozoa

head, middle piece

glands that keep the glans of penis lubricated is

bulbourethral glands

baby girls are born with primary oocytes that are arrested at ___________ stage of ________

prophase meiosis I

number of secondary oocytes that are released in a process called ovulation in a female lifetime are about

500

hormone that triggers spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females is

FSH

at ovulation secondary oocytes are released by

tertiary follicles

morning body temperature are lowest during

ovulation

the letter E is indicating at

greater vestibular gland

The phase of the uterine cycle that begins in the days following the completion of menses as the surviving epithelial cells multiply and spread across the surface of the endometrium is the ________ phase.

proliferative

hormone produced by nurse cells

testosterone

secreted by hypothalamus

GnRH

colder temperature brings testes closer to the body

true

oogenesis is arrested during anaphase of meiosis II until the time of fertilization

false

normal sperm development in testes requires about ________ less than the normal body temperature

1.1 C

haploid number of chromosome in human sex gametes

23

approximate number of primordial follicles present at the time of puberty in each ovary

200,000

stem cells that become egg

oogonium