Measuring the Earth

@ SAG - Marek - '24 (P3)

True shape of Earth

Oblate spheroid (round)

Lithosphere

Solid land part of the Earth (made of crust & rigid mantle)

Hydrosphere

Liquid layer of the Earth (bodies of water)

Atmosphere

Gas portion, broken into 4 layers, lowest is the troposphere

Latitude lines

Run horizontally - measure North and South of Equator

Longitude lines

Run vertically - measure East and West of the Prime Meridian

Same line of longitude

Same time

Time zones

Separated by 15 degrees of longitude

Hours per time zone

1 hour difference per time zone

Time change going East (towards Europe)

Increases

Time change going West (towards Cali)

Decreases

Polaris visibility

Only in the Northern Hemisphere

Altitude of Polaris

Equals your latitude in the Northern Hemisphere

Polaris

Aligned with Earth's axis of rotation and is the only non-moving star

Isoline

Line connecting points of equal value

Isobars

Measure pressure

Isotherms

Measure temperature

Contour lines

Measure elevation

Contour interval

Amount between each contour line

Ocean level

0 feet

Circles inside circles on a map

Indicate a hill

Tick marks on a map

Indicate depressions

Close contour lines

Indicate steeper gradient and steep slope

Water flow direction

Downhill and opposite bends in contour line

Earth's spheres held together by

Gravity

Earth's spheres density order (low to high)

Atmosphere (Gas), Hydrosphere (Liquid), Lithosphere (Solid)

Most water vapor in

Troposphere

Tropopause

Boundary between troposphere and stratosphere

Stratopause

Boundary between stratosphere and mesosphere

Mesopause

Boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere

Atmospheric pressure at sea level

1 atm

Highest water vapor concentration

40 g/m^3

Chemical symbol for Calcium

Ca

Most abundant element in Earth's hydrosphere

Hydrogen

Element in crust, hydrosphere, and troposphere

Oxygen

Most abundant element in the Troposphere

Nitrogen

Width of each time zone

15 degrees

Longitude of Prime Meridian

0 degrees

Longitude of International Date Line

180 degrees

Time zones on Earth

24

Time zones in the US

4

Highest Polaris altitude

Central NYS

Same longitude locations means that they are the same . . .

Time zone

Can you see Polaris in the South?

No only seen in the North

Weather occurs in the

Troposphere