United States Government & Politics - Quiz 2 (chap 4-7)

The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution because ________.

a. key states refused to ratify the Constitution unless it was added

b. Alexander Hamilton believed it was necessary

c. it was part of the Articles of Confederation

d. it was originally part of the Declaration of Independence

a. key states refused to ratify the Constitution unless it was added

An example of a right explicitly protected by the Constitution as drafted at the Constitutional Convention is

the ________.

a. right to free speech

b. right to keep and bear arms

c. right to a writ of habeas corpus

d. right not to be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment

c. right to a writ of habeas corpus

The Fourteenth Amendment was critically important for civil liberties because it ________.

a. guaranteed freed men the right to vote

b. outlawed slavery

c. helped start the process of selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights

d. allowed the states to continue to enact Black codes

c. helped start the process of selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights

Briefly explain the difference between civil liberties and civil rights.

• civil liberties: limitations on government power, intended to protect freedoms upon which governments may not legally intrude

• civil rights: guarantees that government officials will treat people equally & that decisions will be made on the basis of merit rather than race, gender, or other personal characteristics

Briefly explain the concept of selective incorporation, and why it became necessary.

Selective incorporation is the process of expanding the application of the Bill of Rights to also include the states. It became necessary in order to guarantee people’s civil liberties equally across all states.

Which of the following provisions is not part of the First Amendment?

a. the right to keep and bear arms

b. the right to peaceably assemble

c. the right to free speech

d. the protection of freedom of religion

a. the right to keep and bear arms

The Third Amendment can be thought of as ________.

a. reinforcing the right to keep and bear arms guaranteed by the Second Amendment

b. ensuring the right to freedom of the press

c. forming part of a broader conception of privacy in the home that is also protected by the Second andFourth Amendments

d. strengthening the right to a jury trial in criminal cases

c. forming part of a broader conception of privacy in the home that is also protected by the Second andFourth Amendments

The Fourth Amendment’s requirement for a warrant ________.

a. applies only to searches of the home

b. applies only to the seizure of property as evidence

c. does not protect people who rent or lease property

d. does not apply when there is a serious risk that evidence will be destroyed before a warrant can be issued

d. does not apply when there is a serious risk that evidence will be destroyed before a warrant can be issued

Explain the difference between the establishment clause and the free exercise clause, and explain how these two clauses work together to guarantee religious freedoms.

The two clauses together protect religious liberty but from opposite directions. The establishment clause prevents governments from having an official religion (thus giving all religions a chance to flourish), while the free exercise clause clearly empowers individuals to practice as they wish.

Explain the difference between the collective rights and individual rights views of the Second Amendment. Which of these views did the Supreme Court’s decision in District of Columbia v. Heller reflect?

collective rights are like rights that are for the people of the united states(religion, free press) individual rights citizens have right to bear arms to protect themselves. The courts decisions reflected individual rights.

The Supreme Court case known as Kelo v. City of New London was controversial because it ________.

a. allowed greater use of the power of eminent domain

b. regulated popular ride-sharing services like Lyft and Uber

c. limited the application of the death penalty

d. made it harder for police to use evidence obtained without a warrant

Which of the following rights is not protected by the Sixth Amendment?

a. the right to trial by an impartial jury

140 4 • Review Questions

b. the right to cross-examine witnesses in a trial

c. the right to remain silent

d. the right to a speedy trial

The double jeopardy rule in the Bill of Rights forbids which of the following?

a. prosecuting someone in a state court for a criminal act they had been acquitted of in federal court

b. prosecuting someone in federal court for a criminal act they had been acquitted of in a state court

c. suing someone for damages for an act the person was found not guilty of

d. none of these options

The Supreme Court has decided that the death penalty ________.

a. is always cruel and unusual punishment

b. is never cruel and unusual punishment

c. may be applied only to acts of terrorism

d. may not be applied to those who were under 18 when they committed a crime

Explain why someone accused of a crime might negotiate a plea bargain rather than exercising the right to

a trial by jury.

Explain the difference between a criminal case and a civil case.

Which of the following rights is not explicitly protected by some state constitutions?

a. the right to hunt

b. the right to privacy

c. the right to polygamous marriage

d. the right to a free public education

The right to privacy has been controversial for all the following reasons except ________.

a. it is not explicitly included in the Constitution or Bill of Rights

b. it has been interpreted to protect women’s right to have an abortion

c. it has been used to overturn laws that have substantial public support

d. most U.S. citizens today believe the government should be allowed to outlaw birth control

Which of the following rules has the Supreme Court said is an undue burden on the right to have an abortion?

a. Women must make more than one visit to an abortion clinic before the procedure can be performed.

b. Minors must gain the consent of a parent or judge before seeking an abortion.

c. Women must notify their spouses before having an abortion.

d. Women must be informed of the health consequences of having an abortion.

A major difference between most European countries and the United States today is ________.

a. most Europeans don’t use technologies that can easily be tracked

b. laws in Europe more strictly regulate how government officials can use tracking technology

c. there are more legal restrictions on how the U.S. government uses tracking technology than in Europe

d. companies based in Europe don’t have to comply with U.S. privacy laws

Explain the difference between a right listed in the Bill of Rights and a common-law right.

Describe two ways in which new technological developments challenge traditional notions of privacy.

A group of African American students believes a college admissions test that is used by a public university discriminates against them. What legal standard would the courts use in deciding their case?

A. rational basis test

B. intermediate scrutiny

C. strict scrutiny

D. equal protection

The equal protection clause became part of the Constitution as a result of ________.

A. affirmative action

B. the Fourteenth Amendment

C. intermediate scrutiny

D. strict scrutiny

Which of the following types of discrimination would be subject to the rational basis test?

A. A law that treats men differently from women

B. An action by a state governor that treats Asian Americans differently from other citizens

C. A law that treats White people differently from other citizens

D. A law that treats 10-year-olds differently from 28-year-olds

What is the difference between civil rights and civil liberties?

The Supreme Court decision ruling that “separate but equal” was constitutional and allowed racial

segregation to take place was ________.

A. Brown v. Board of Education

182 5 • Review Questions

B. Plessy v. Ferguson

C. Loving v. Virginia

D. Shelley v. Kraemer

The 1965 Selma-to-Montgomery march was an important milestone in the civil rights movement because it ________.

A. vividly illustrated the continued resistance to Black civil rights in the Deep South

B. did not encounter any violent resistance

C. led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

D. was the first major protest after the death of Martin Luther King, Jr.

What were the key provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

At the world’s first women’s rights convention in 1848, the most contentious issue proved to be _________.

A. A. the right to education for women

B. B. suffrage for women

C. C. access to the professions for women

D. D. greater property rights for women

How did NAWSA differ from the NWP?

A. NAWSA worked to win votes for women on a state-by-state basis while the NWP wanted an

amendment added to the Constitution.

B. NAWSA attracted mostly middle-class women while NWP appealed to the working class.

C. The NWP favored more confrontational tactics like protests and picketing while NAWSA circulated

petitions and lobbied politicians.

D. The NWP sought to deny African Americans the vote, but NAWSA wanted to enfranchise all women.

The doctrine that people who do jobs that require the same level of skill, training, or education are thus entitled to equal pay is known as ________.

A. the glass ceiling

B. substantial compensation

C. comparable worth

D. affirmative action

The Trail of Tears is the name given to the forced removal of this tribe from Georgia to Oklahoma.

A. Lakota

B. Paiute

C. Navajo

D. Cherokee

AIM was ________.

A. a federal program that returned control of Native American education to tribal governments

B. a radical group of Native American activists who occupied the settlement of Wounded Knee on the

Pine Ridge Reservation

C. an attempt to reduce the size of reservations

D. a federal program to give funds to Native American tribes to help their members open small

businesses that would employ tribal members

Briefly describe the similarities and differences between the experiences of Native Americans and Native Hawaiians.

Mexican American farm workers in California organized ________ to demand higher pay from their employers.

A. the bracero program

B. the League of United Latin American Citizens

C. the United Farm Workers union

D. the Mattachine Society

Which of the following best describes attitudes toward Asian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

A. Asian immigrants were welcomed to the United States and swiftly became financially successful.

B. Asian immigrants were disliked by White people who feared competition for jobs, and several acts of

Congress sought to restrict immigration and naturalization of Asian people.

C. White people feared Asian immigrants because Japanese and Chinese Americans were often disloyal

to the U.S. government.

D. Asian immigrants got along well with White people but not with Mexican Americans or African

Americans.

Why did it take so long for an active civil rights movement to begin in the LGBTQ community?

Which of the following is not an agent of political socialization?

a. a family member

b. a religious leader

c. a teacher

6 • Review Questions 221

d. a U.S. senator

How are most attitudes formed?

a. in adulthood, based on life choices

b. in childhood, based on early childhood experiences

c. in college, based on classes and majors

d. after college, based on finances

________ political content is given by a media source that lets the reader or viewer know upfront there is a

political bias or position.

a. Overt

b. Covert

c. Explanatory

d. Expository

Which agents of socialization will have the strongest impact on an individual?

The Bradley effect occurs when people ________.

a. say they will vote for a candidate based on the candidate’s name

b. say they will vote against a candidate because of the candidate’s race

c. say they will vote for a candidate but then vote against that candidate

d. say they will vote in the next election but instead stay home

Which of the following is not part of a scientific poll design?

a. a leading question

b. a random sample

c. a representative sample

d. a low margin of error

A poll states that Hillary Clinton will receive 43 percent of the vote. There is an 8 percent margin of error.

What do you think of the poll?

a. It is a good poll and the margin of error is small.

b. It is a good poll and the margin of error is acceptable.

c. It is a non-representative poll and the margin of error is too high.

d. The poll accurately predicts Clinton will receive 43 percent of the vote.

Why do pollsters interview random people throughout the country when trying to project which candidate will win a presidential election?

How have changes in technology made polling more difficult?

Why are social policies controversial?

a. They require people to accept the authority of the government.

b. They require government to balance the rights and liberties of different groups.

c. They require the government to increase spending.

d. They require a decrease in regulations and laws.

Which factor affects congressional approval ratings the most?

a. presidential actions

b. foreign events

c. Supreme Court actions

d. domestic events

Which institution has the highest average public approval ratings?

a. the presidency

b. the U.S. House of Representatives

c. the U.S. Senate

d. the Supreme Court

Why might one branch’s approval ratings be higher than another’s?

When are social and economic issues more likely to cause polarization in public opinion?

How do polls affect presidential elections?

a. Polls help voters research information about each of the candidates.

b. Polls tell voters the issues that candidates support.

c. Polls identify the top candidates and the media interview those candidates.

d. Polls explain which candidates should win the election.

Presidential approval ratings ________ over a president’s term of office.

a. increase

b. decline

c. stay relatively stable

d. seesaw

Which body of government is least susceptible to public opinion polls?

a. the president

b. U.S. Senate

c. U.S. House of Representatives

d. U.S. Supreme Court

Why would House of Representative members be more likely than the president to follow public opinion?

How do the media use public opinion polls during election season?

Which of the following makes it easy for a citizen to register to vote?

a. grandfather clause

b. lengthy residency requirement

c. National Voter Registration Act

d. competency requirement

Which of the following is a reason to make voter registration more difficult?

a. increase voter turnout

b. decrease election fraud

c. decrease the cost of elections

d. make the registration process faster

What unusual step did Oregon take to increase voter registration?

a. The state automatically registers all citizens over eighteen to vote.

b. The state ended voter registration.

c. The state sends every resident a voter registration ballot.

d. The state allows online voter registration.

What effect did the National Voter Registration Act have on voter registration?

What challenges do college students face with regard to voter registration?

If you wanted to prove the United States is suffering from low voter turnout, a calculation based on which population would yield the lowest voter turnout rate?

a. registered voters

b. voting-eligible population

c. voting-age population

d. voters who voted in the last election

What characterizes those most likely to vote in the next election?

a. over forty-five years old

b. income under $30,000

c. high school education or less

d. residency in the South

Why do Belgium, Turkey, and Australia have higher voter turnout rates than the United States?

a. compulsory voting laws

b. more elections

c. fewer registration laws

d. more polling locations

Why does age affect whether a citizen will vote?

A state might hold a primary instead of a caucus because a primary is ________.

a. inexpensive and simple

b. transparent and engages local voters

c. faster and has higher turnout

d. highly active and promotes dialog during voting

Which of the following citizens is most likely to run for office?

a. Maria Trejo, a 28-year-old part-time sonogram technician and mother of two

b. Jeffrey Lyons, a 40-year-old lawyer and father of one

c. Linda Tepsett, a 40-year-old full-time orthopedic surgeon

d. Mark Forman, a 70-year-old retired steelworker

Where and when do Electoral College electors vote?

a. at their precinct, on Election Day

b. at their state capitol, on Election Day

c. in their state capitol, in December

d. in Washington D.C., in December

In which type of election are you most likely to see coattail effects?

a. presidential

b. midterm

c. special

d. caucuses

What problems will candidates experience with frontloading?

Why have fewer moderates won primaries than they used to?

How do political parties influence the state’s primary system?

Why do parties prefer closed primaries to open primaries?

Susan is currently working two part-time jobs and is frustrated about the poor economy. On Election Day,

she votes for every challenger on the ballot, because she feels the president and Congress are not doing

enough to help her. What type of vote did she cast?

a. retrospective

b. prospective

c. pocketbook

d. straight ticket

Which factor is most likely to lead to the incumbency advantage for a candidate?

a. candidate’s socioeconomic status

b. gerrymandering of the candidate’s district

c. media’s support of the candidate

d. candidate’s political party

In what ways is voting your party identification an informed choice? In what ways is it lazy?

Do physical characteristics matter when voters assess candidates? If so, how?

Which of the following is not a step in the initiative process?

a. approval of initiative petition by state or local government

b. collection of signatures

c. state-wide vote during a ballot election

d. signature or veto by state governor

A referendum is not purely direct democracy because the ________.

a. voters propose something but the governor approves it

b. voters propose and approve something but the legislature also approves it

c. government proposes something and the voters approve it

d. government proposes something and the legislature approves it

What problems would a voter face when trying to pass an initiative or recall?

Why do some argue that direct democracy is simply a way for the wealthy and businesses to get their own policies passed?