Hyperlipidemia and Cholesterol Management

This set covers the definitions, risk factors, classifications, and pharmacological treatment guidelines for hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome based on the lecture notes.

What increases risk for coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial disease?

High cholesterol

What are the core components included in a standard Fasting Lipid Panel (FLP)?

Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High density lipoproteins (HDL), Low density lipoproteins (LDL), and VLDL.

What is the formula used to calculate a patient's TOTAL CHOLESTEROL SCORE?

$$HDL + LDL + 20\% \text{ Triglycerides} = \text{TOTAL CHOLESTEROL SCORE}$$

According to the FLP classifications, what Total Cholesterol level is defined as 'High'?

$$\geq 240\,mg/dL$$

Which LDL Cholesterol range is classified as 'Borderline high'?

$$130 - 159\,mg/dL$$

What are the Triglyceride level classifications for 'High' and 'Very high'?

High: $200 - 499\,mg/dL$; Very high: $\geq 500\,mg/dL$

How frequently should a Fasting Lipid Panel (FLP) be measured in all adults aged 20 years or older?

At least once every 5 years, or more frequently if the patient has risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

What are the criteria for abdominal obesity in the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome for men and women?

Waist circumference $> 40\text{ inches}$ for men and $> 35\text{ inches}$ for women.

What blood pressure and fasting glucose criteria are used to identify Metabolic Syndrome?

Blood pressure $\geq 130 / \geq 85\,mmHg$ and Fasting glucose $\geq 110\,mg/dL$.

Which medications are identified as potential secondary causes that can increase cholesterol levels?

Progestin, Thiazide diuretics, Glucocorticoids, Isotretinoin, B-blockers, Azole antifungals, Cyclosporine, and Sirolimus.

What cardiovascular conditions are categorized as Clinical ASCVD for statin benefit groups?

Myocardial infarction (MI), Stroke/TIA, Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and Revascularization.

What are the lifestyle recommendations for physical activity to improve cholesterol levels?

3 to 4 sessions per week, lasting an average of 40 minutes per session, involving moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity.

How is 'High Intensity' statin therapy defined in terms of LDL reduction?

It lowers LDL by $\geq 50\%$.

What are the specific doses for Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin that qualify as High Intensity therapy?

Atorvastatin $40 - 80\,mg$ and Rosuvastatin $20 - 40\,mg$.

What are the specific doses for Simvastatin, Pravastatin, and Lovastatin classified as Moderate Intensity therapy?

Simvastatin $20 - 40\,mg$, Pravastatin $40 - 80\,mg$, and Lovastatin $40\,mg$.

What indicates 'Secondary Prevention' in terms of starting statin therapy?

The patient has already experienced a cardiovascular event (e.g., heart attack or stroke) and is at the highest risk to have another.