Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering body fluid stats, water homeostasis hormones, major electrolytes, and acid-base balance disorders based on lecture notes.

55%

Approximate amount of total body fluid in a female.

60%

Approximate amount of total body fluid in a male.

2/3

Amount of body fluid that is intracellular.

1/3

Amount of body fluid that is extracellular fluid.

80%

Amount of extracellular fluid that is interstitial.

20%

Amount of extracellular fluid that is blood plasma.

Sources of water gain

Ingested liquid, food, and metabolic water.

Sources of water loss

Urine, sweat, exhalation of water, and through the GI tract.

Hypothalamus

The location of the thirst center.

Antidiuretic hormone

Hormone that reduces water loss in urine by causing collecting ducts to become more permeable to water.

Aldosterone

Hormone that reduces water loss in urine by increasing sodium reabsorption and therefore water follows.

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Hormone that increases excretion of sodium into urine and thus increases water loss.

Sodium

Most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid; blood levels are controlled by aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide.

Potassium

Most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid; blood levels are controlled by aldosterone.

Calcium

Most abundant mineral in the entire human body; blood levels are controlled by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Chloride

Most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid.

Respiratory acidosis

Increased $pCO_2$ (above $45\,mmHg$) and decreased $pH$ (below $7.35$). Causes include COPD, Pulmonary edema, and asthma.

Respiratory alkalosis

Decreased $pCO_2$ (below $35\,mmHg$) and increased $pH$ (above $7.45$). Causes include hyperventilation due to stress or pain.

Metabolic acidosis

Decreased bicarbonate ($HCO_3^-$) and decreased $pH$ (below $7.35$). Causes include persistent diarrhea, excessive alcohol consumption, and kidney failure.

Metabolic alkalosis

Increased bicarbonate ($HCO_3^-$) and increased $pH$ (above $7.45$). Causes include persistent vomiting and excessive intake of antacids.