PSCI EXAM again plz God

Bureaucracy

a set of structures and procedures used by government to administer policies and programs

Bureaucracy is ran under what branch

executive

What defines a bureaucracy is a

hierarchy of authority, specialization of functions and strict adherence to established procedures

Processes that are standardized means products and services can be provided with

consistency, transparency and fairness

EOP by President Franklin Roosevelt was established with

intention of coordinating the president’s responsibilities across a wide range of areas (ex: National Security Council, Office of Management and Budget)

How are cabinet secretary positions filled

The Senate confirms the president’s appointee

Public policy

action taken by government to address societal problems or needs

Spoils System

a political system in which the winning party in an election compensates its supporters with government jobs and services

Andrew Jackson used the spoils system via

promising supporters jobs in exchange for votes, creating new positions in the government. The supporters were unqualified contributing to bureaucracy being viewed as biased and inefficient

Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal programs

promised to create financial reform, social welfare programs, regulate industry and workplace practices

Expansion of the federal bureaucracy

helped implement a range of programs meant to alleviate economic hardship, creating jobs for those in need

Once the economy recovered, what happened to the federal workforce

it decreased, the bureaucracy became smaller

Great Society

a series of federal government programs promoted by President Lyndon Johnson in 1960s aiming to end poverty and racial injustice. It was an attempt to revive New Deal programs

Who implemented Great Society programs

President Lyndon Johnson

New programs in the Great Society

loans/grants to college students, job-training programs, environmental protection, mass transit development, increased healthcare to elderly/poor, protection against civil discriminations

How is the size of the Supreme Court determined

by an act of congress

Federal Court Structure established by Judiciary Act of 1789

3 tier court, 94 district courts, 13 Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court

Jurisdiction

the authority to decide a legal issue or case

What cases can the Supreme Court review

involvement of 2 or more states, federal gov vs a state, foreign ambassadors, one state against citizens of another state or a foreign country. Any decision involving federal question made in the highest courts of ea. state

Judicial Review

the supreme court’s ability to interpret the constitutionality of any act of congress, the executive branch or the states

writ of mandamus

an order issued by the Supreme Court requiring a government agent to carry out a legal duty

Judicial restraint

justices of the supreme court should base decision on the literal text of the Constitution

Judicial activism

view the Constitution as a document that was intended to be flexible to evolve with social and political conditions

Judicial philosophy vs. Judicial ideology

Philosophy: set of principles, methods and values a judge uses to interpret the law

Ideology: the political orientation that underlies a judge’s decision

Civil Rights vs. Civil Liberties

Rights: protect citizens from discrimination by the government or other citizens rooted in the 14th Amendment

Liberties: political freedoms that protect individuals from abuses of power by the government

Incorporation

the process by which the supreme court applies the civil liberty provision of the Bill of Rights to the States

Civil Rights Act of 1964

guaranteed equal treatment in public facilities and banning any form of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Any state agency that violated the act would lose funding.

Affirmative action

a range of policies aimed at promoting equity by providing expanded education and employment opportunities for members of a previously disadvantaged group