Anatomy and Physiology Final

pulmonary veins

carry blood to the heart

weight of your body is borne by the

ischial tuberosities

amphiarthrosis

slightly moveable joint

internal respiration

process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids

appendicular skeleton

scapula, coxal bones, metacarpals, tibia

cuspids

pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing

four main tissue types

connective, nervous, epithelial, muscular

anterior

front/ventral

trachea

extends from the larynx to the mediastinum

sinoatrial node (SA node)

normal pacemaker of the heart

right atrium

receives blood from the coronary sinus, inferior vena cava, and superior vena cava

compound fracture

(open) fracture that projects through the skin

carpal region

wrist region

lumbar vertabrae

most massive, least mobile

elbow joint

hinge joint

left atrium

blood that returns to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters through here

axis

second cervical vertebra

appendix

small wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum

pulmonary valve

as blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ____ and then into the pulmonary trunk

stomach

where chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes take place

cyanosis

signifies that a patient has oxygen starved skin

pulmonary arteries

carry blood to the lungs

pulmonary veins

carry blood to the heart

sagittal plane

divides the body into right and left parts

bursae

small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where ligaments and tendons rub against other tissues

surface of articular cartilage

slick and smooth

heart

medial to the lungs

anatomy

study of structure

physiology

study of functions

amount of pulmonary veins

4

right atrium

where blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters

malignant melanoma

most dangerous type of skin cancer

adipocytes

cells that store fat

pubic symphysis

classified as a amphiarthrotic articulation

synovial joint (joint filled with synovial fluid)

example of diarthrosis (freely moveable joint)

gastritis

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach

sliding filament theory

explanation of how a muscle fiber contracts

lower respiratory tract

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

shoulder joint

ball and socket joint

femur (thigh bone)

longest and heaviest bone in the body

girdles

supporting elements of the upper and lower extremities (arms and legs)

atrium’s function

collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle

pubic symphysis

where the two pubic bones join medially

opening the mouth

example of depression

histology

study of tissues

skeletal system

bones, cartilages, tendons

first heart sound “lubb”

closing of the mitral valve

suture

synarthrosis (immoveable joint)

pancreas

accessory organ of digestion

ulna

medial to the radius

endocrine glands

produce hormones

deciduous teeth

first teeth to appear

external respiration

diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood

cranium

formed by the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones

large intestine

absorbs vitamins, storage of fecal matter before defecation, reabsorbs water and compacts feces

diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

phalanges

bones that form the fingers

calcaneus

heel bone

importance of the C shape of tracheal cartilage

large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing

lining of medullary cavity

endosteum

12

vertebral column contains ____ thoracic vertebrae

osteocyte

mature bone cell

hypoxia

condition of having low tissue oxygen levels

tibia

medial bulge at your ankle is a projection from the ____

back

dorsal

pulmonary valve

blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the _____

pharynx

normal passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems

sebum

commonly known as skin oil

vertebra

classified as irregular in shape

thyroid

largest shield shaped cartilage of the larynx

articulation

where two bones meet

systole

contraction

diastole

muscle relaxation

tricuspid

blood flowing into the heart from the vena cava flows next through the ___ valve

foramen

rounded hole through a bone

5

number of lumbar vertebrae

prone

face down is __ position

coronary arteries

supply blood to the myocardium

glottis

opening to the larynx

liver

located in the right upper quadrant

coxal bone

consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis

atrial systole

contraction phase of the upper chambers of the heart

lymphatic system

functions in defense against infection and disease

metacarpals

bones that form the palm

oropharynx

extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue

biscuspid/mitral valve

located between the left atrium and left ventricle

carpal bones

examples of short bones

upper respiratory tract

air entering the body is filtered warmed and humidified by the ____

duodenum

plays a primary role in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

right ventricle

pumps blood to the right and left lungs

right lung

three lobes

left lung

two lobes

small intestine segments from proximal to distal

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

sesamoid

bones that develop within tendons

isotonic contraction

muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle lifts the load