RHS Study material

What landmark appears as a radiolucent opening near the mandibular premolars?

Mental Foramen

What radiopaque line surrounds the tooth root socket?

Lamina dura

What radiolucent space surrounds the root between tooth and bone?

Periodontal ligament space

What structure contains nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth?

Pulp chamber

What hard outer covering protects the crown of the tooth?

Enamel

What tissue covers the root surface?

Cementum

What tissue forms the main bulk of the tooth beneath the enamel?

Dentin

What radiolucent canal travels through the mandible?

Mandibular canal

What ridge appears on the external surface of the mandible?

External oblique ridge

What ridge appears on the lingual side of the mandible?

Internal oblique ridge

What small radiopaque structures appear below the mandibular incisors?

Genial tubercles

What small radiolucent opening appears within genial tubercles?

Lingual foramen

What vertical portion of the mandible supports the condyle?

Ramus

What rounded projection articulates with the temporal bone?

Condyle

What triangular mandibular process may superimpose over maxillary molars

Coronoid process

What depression lies between condyle and coronoid process?

Sigmoid notch

What broad dense line forms the lower border of the mandible?

Inferior border of mandible

What air-filled cavity lies above maxillary posterior teeth?

Maxillary sinus

What structure divides the nasal cavity into halves?

Nasal Septum

What paired air spaces appear above maxillary incisors

Nasal Cavities

What curves structures project into the nasal cavity?

Nasal Conchae

What radiopaque line forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

Hard Palate

What radiolucent opening appears below the orbit?

Infraorbital foramen

What cavity contains the eyeball

Orbit

What U-shaped radiopacity appears above the maxillary molars?

Zygomatic process

What rounded posterior maxillary area appears behind molars?

Maxillary Tuberosity

What Depression recieves the mandibular condyle?

Glenoid fossa

What projection appears behind the ear region?

Mastoid process

What opening represents the ear canal

External auditory meatus

What principle means radiation exposure should be minimized?

ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable)

What does FMX stand for?

Full mouth series x-ray

What does PPE Stand for?

Personal Protective Equipment

What controls x-ray beam penetrating power?

kVp (Kilovoltage Peak)

What controls the quantity of x-rays produced?

mA (Milliaperage)

What does PSP stand for?

Photostimulable Phosphor

What imaging system uses sensors for immediate viewing?

Direct digital imaging

What imaging system require scanning image plates?

Indirect digital imaging

What imaging method evaluates TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) soft tissue best?

MRI

What imaging method is commonly used for implant planning?

CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography)

What protects the thyroid during intraoral radiography?

Thyroid collar

What protects against cross contamination during treatment?

PPE

What destroys all microorganisms including spores?

Sterilization

What reduces microorganisms but may not destroy spores?

Disinfection

What prevents transfer of microorganisms between patients?

Infection control

What organization regulates workplace safety?

OSHA

What organization publishes infection-control guidelines?

CDC

What organization oversees radiation equipment standards?

FDA

What device directs the x-ray beam?

PID

What error causes a clear unexposed region?

Cone Cutting

What error makes teeth appear too long?

Elongation

What error makes teeth appear too short?

Foreshortening

What error causes overlapping contacts?

Incorrect horizontal angulation

What error results from patient movement?

Motion blur

What occurs when an image receptor is exposed twice?

Double exposure

What panoramic error appears if the tongue is not against the palate?

Palatoglossal air space

What panoramic artifact appears on the opposite side of dense objects?

Ghost image

What occurs if the patient slumps during panoramic exposure?

Cervical spine superimposition

What exposure problem produces a very light image?

Underexposure

What exposure problem produces a very dark image?

Overexposure

What structure holds the teeth in the jaw?

Alveolar bone

What crest lies between adjacent teeth?

Interdental bone

What bone lies between roots of teeth?

Interradicular bone

What bone pattern appears as small lattice-like radiopaque lines?

Trabecular bone

What indiactes loss of supporting bone around teeth?

Horizontal bone loss

What condition appears as destruction near the root apex?

Abscess

What condition appears as a pathologic cavity lined by epithelium?

Cyst

What is tooth wear from tooth-to-tooth contact?

Attrition

What is tooth wear from external mechanical action?

Abrasion

What are extra teeth beyond normal count called?

Supernumerary teeth

What are teeth unable to erupt normally called?

Impacted teeth

What appears as radiopaque material extending beyond root canal filling?

Endodontic sealer

What are metallic supports placed inside roots called?

Posts/pins

What radiographic illusion appears near CEJ regions?

Cervical burnout

What dental restoration replaces missing teeth between crowns?

Bridge

What fixed restoration replaces the visible portion of a tooth?

Crown

What restoration replaces tooth structure with silver-colored material?

Amalgam

What procedure removes infected pulp tissue?

Root Canal treatment

What procedure creates a replica of teeth and tissues?

Impression

What device holds image receptors during paralleling technique?

XCP (Extension Cone Paralleling) holder

What patient management step includes explanation and permission?

Informed consent

What law protects patient health information?

HIPAA

What disease affects the immune system

HIV

What virus affects the liver and may spread through blood?

HBV

What emergency procedure supports circulation and breathing?

CPR

What is the recommended patient shielding principle?

Use a lead apron and thyroid collar when appropriate

What imaging feature enlarges structures for easier viewing?

Magnification

What digital adjustment changes image darkness/lightness?

Density adjustment

What digital adjustment changes black-and-white differences?

Contrast adjustment

What allows electronic transfer of digital images?

Computer software

What is the process of converting x-ray data into electronic format?

Digital imaging

What panoramic image captures both arches on one film?

Panoramic radiograph

What extraoral radiograph is commonly used in orthodontics?

Cephalometric radiograph

What radiographic exam shows crowns of maxillary and mandibular teeth?

Bitewing radiograph

What intraoral image captures the entire tooth and surrounding bone?

Periapical radiograph

What technique reduces image distortion using parallelism?

Paralleling technique

What technique uses rule of isometry for image formation?

Biscecting Technique

What is the safest practice for minimizing radiation exposure?

Use fastest receptor possible

What panoramic instruction reduces air space artifact?

Place tongue against palate

What is the primary purpose of radiographs in dentistry?

Aid diagnosis and treatment planning

What quality is essential for accurate radiographic interpretation?

Proper positioning and exposure