horizontal translation
f(x)=f(x-h)
vertical translation
f(x)=f(x)+h
reflection in the x-axis
f(x)=-f(x)
reflection in the y-axis
f(x)=f(-x)
vertical shrink
f(x)=af(x) (a<1)
vertical stretch
f(x)=af(x) (a>1)
horizontal shrink
f(x)=f(ax) (a>1)
horizontal stretch
f(x)=f(ax) (a<1)