1.1.9 Impacts of coastal processes on humans

What are some positive impacts of coastal processes on human activity?

Recreation and tourism, residential attraction, job opportunities from tourism, agriculture, industry, transportation, and communication.

How does coastal scenery affect tourism?

Dramatic scenery, sandy beaches, and warm seas attract tourists to coastal zones.

What economic contribution does Vancouver’s cruise terminal make?

It can handle 4 cruise ships at a time and around 900,000 passengers a year, contributing $2 million to the local economy.

What was the impact of the TV series Broadchurch on local businesses in West Bay?

In 2014, 77% of local businesses reported increased customer numbers due to the series.

How much was seaside tourism worth in England in 2016?

£8 billion.

What were the consequences of tourism development in Benidorm?

Benidorm grew rapidly into a town of 69,000 people, catering for more than 4 million tourists yearly.

What are some negative environmental impacts of tourism?

Footpath erosion, damage to ecosystems, unsustainable water demand, and traffic congestion.

What does 'reconstructed ethnicity' refer to in coastal tourism?

The commercialisation of local culture.

What are the potential hazards associated with rapid mass movements?

They can cause damage to life and property, although fatalities are rare in the UK.

How many properties are at risk from coastal erosion in the UK?

113,000 residential and 9,000 commercial properties are at risk.

What is the value of properties at risk from coastal processes in the UK?

£7.7 billion.

What problem does beach sediment loss create?

Loss of tourist income and impact on local industries.

What is one effect of sea level rise on coastal areas?

Increased vulnerability to flooding.

What is a 'Do nothing' management strategy?

It allows natural processes such as coastal erosion to continue unchecked.

What is 'Managed retreat' in coastal management?

It allows the shoreline to move inward by natural erosion or flooding to a new line of defence.

What does 'Hold the line' mean in coastal management?

It protects the existing shoreline using hard and soft engineering solutions.

What involves the 'Advance the line' strategy in coastal management?

It means moving the shoreline seawards using engineering structures.

What defines 'Limited intervention' in coastal management?

It deals with coastal problems partly by enhancing natural features like salt marshes.

What factors influence the choice of coastal management strategy?

Feasibility, cost-benefit analysis, environmental impact, and risk assessment.

What are the types of hard engineering solutions in coastal management?

Sea walls, rock armour, revetments, gabions, and groynes.

What is 'Beach nourishment' in soft engineering?

Adding sand or shingle to extend the beach or replace eroded material.

What is the importance of cliff profiling?

Reducing the cliff angle makes cliffs more stable and less prone to erosion.

What type of coastline is Holderness?

It is a soft erodible boulder clay coastline, one of Europe's fastest eroding cliffs.

What management strategies have been used in Holderness?

Use of sea walls, groynes, revetments, and managed retreat.

What key concept involves trade-offs in decision making for coastal management?

Integrated coastal zone management.

What are rias, and why are they important for human activity?

Deep water ports formed by submerged river valleys, allowing navigation for large vessels.

How do tidal mudflats contribute to agriculture?

They can be drained and used for farming.

What is one major negative impact of tourism on local culture?

Locals may resent the influx of tourists and their cultural ideas.

What can rapid coastal erosion cause?

Damage and loss of buildings, infrastructure, and valuable agricultural land.

What are groynes used for in coastal management?

They are structures that trap longshore drift to prevent beach erosion.

What does 'beach reprofiling' accomplish?

Changes the beach shape to absorb more energy, reducing erosion.

What role do cruise ships play in local coastal economies?

They create jobs, but tourists typically spend little in local areas.

What is the purpose of rock bunds in coastal management?

To protect beaches from wave energy.

What impact does agricultural land loss from erosion have?

It leads to decreased income for farmers.

What effect does coastal tourism have on job creation?

Creates jobs, though many are poorly paid and seasonal.

What are the implications of having infrastructure only cater to tourists?

Facilities may be closed out of season, affecting local economies.