anthro final

punitive power

power based on force punishment or threats.

classificatory power

power that labels and organized people into categories

culture

shared beliefs values customs and behaviors of a group

cultural relativism

understanding culture by their own standards

ethnocentrism

judging other cultures by your own cultural standards

capitalism

economics system based on private worship and profit

modernization

process of becoming industrialized and technological advanced

modernity

social conditions linked to modern societies

political anthropology

study of power and political systems in societies

band

small hunter gatherers groups with little leadership

tribe

larger kinship based society with informal leadership

chiefdom

ranked society led by a chief

state

organized political system with laws and government

partial power

power through being surveillance or being watched

control power

people who regulate their own behavior through social norms

cultural reproduction

passing culture from one generation to another

enculturation

learning culture from childhood

appropriation

taking aspects of another culture often without permission

ideological reproduction

elites maintain dominance by making inequality seem natural

field work

anthropologist studying people directly in daily life

armchair anthropology

studying cultures without first hand experience

unilinear evolution

old theory that societies evolved from primitive to civilized

imponderabillia

everyday details of life observed in fieldwork

participant observation

living with and observing group during research

semi structured interview

flexible interview with prepared questions

ethno-etiology

cultural explanation for illness

culture bound syndrome

illness mainly recognized within one culture

animisim

belief that nature and objects have spirits

animalism

belief in sacred or spiritual importance of animals

cosmology

being about universe and existence

ritual

symbolic repeated action with cultural meaning

rite of passage

a ceremony making movement from one social status to another

separation

leaving an old role/ status in the rite of passage

liminality

transitional stage of rite of passage

incorporation

returning to society with a new status

imitative magic

performing an action resembling an event can influence it

contagious magic

things are connected continuously influence each other

commodity fetish

giving objects excessive social value beyond their practical use while ignoring labor behind them

globalization

worldwide movement of goods people and ideas

ethnoscapes

movement of people/ideas across borders

classifictory kinship

same kinship terms used for many relatives

descriptive kinship

different terms for specific relatives

patrilineal

descent traced through fathers side

matrilineal

descent traced through mothers side

bilateral

descent traced through both parents

endogamy

marrying within one’s group

exogamy

marrying outside one’s group

nodes and edges

people/ groups and their social connections in a network

centrality

importance of a person within a network

weak ties

loose social connections that spread information

small worlds

idea that most people are connected through short networks

public anthropology

sharing anthropology with the public to address issues

cultural critique

being anthropology to question one’s own society