APCSP.Quick Review

Heuristic

A problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.

Lossless Compression

A data compression algorithm that allows for the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

Image

A type of data used for graphics or pictures

Metadata

Data that describes other data. For example, a image my include information about the size of the image, the numbers of colors, or resolution

Pixel

Short for "picture element" it is the basic unit of a digital image, normally a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.

Resolution

Number of how many pixels can be on your screen.

Hexadecimal

Uses numbers 0-9 and letters A-G representing values 0-15. Binary to Hexadecimal; 101= 5, 1010=A

Text Compression

The act of reducing the size of a file.

Lossy Compression

A compression algorithm that gets rid of "useless" or not really needed data to reduce the size of the file. The eliminated data is unrecoverable.

Abstraction

Removing unnecessary details to focus on the essential characteristics. Breaking a problem into separate parts that can be solved properly than put back together. Focusing and using a thing based only on what it does and without concern for how that functionality is accomplished.

Kilobyte

1,000 bytes

Megabytes

1,000,000 bytes or 1000 kilbytes

Gigabyte

1 billion bytes, or a thousand megabytes; common unit for modern hardware.

Terabyte

1 trillion bytes, or a 1000 gigabytes

Petabyte

1 quadrillion bits, or 1e+15 bytes

1 byte

8 bit

BMP (bitmap)

Text and data, uses lossless compression Ex: .txt and .pdf

JPEG (or JPG)

Graphics, lossy compression

WAV

Audio, lossless compression

PNG

Graphics, lossless compression

MP3

Audio, lossy compression

GIF

Graphic/video, lossy compression

ZIP

Various text files, lossless compression

Green

0F0

Red

F00

Blue

00F