ap gov required court cases

Marbury v Madison

Establishes the power of Judicial Review

McCulloch v Maryland

• establishes the concept of implied powers and federalism

US v Lopez

significantly limited Congress's power under the Commerce Clause

Engel v Vitale

government bodies cannot compose or endorse official prayers, reinforcing the strict separation of church and state in public institutions

Wisconsin v Yoder

reinforced the freedom of religion

The Court ruled that freedom of religion takes precedence over state education

Tinker v Des Moines

The court ruled that school officials cannot ban student speech based on suspicion that it might disrupt the learning environment

New York Times v US

reinforced the principle of freedom of the press, establishing that the government cannot exercise prior restraint on publications, even in cases of national security.

Schenck v US

limits freedom of speech to a degree; First Amendment does not protect speech that creates a “clear and present danger

Gideon v Wainwright

Guaranteed the right to an attorney in felony criminal cases; incorporates the 6th amendment.

McDonald v Chicago

incorporating the Second Amendment right to bear arms at the state level.

Brown v Board of Education

Overturns “separate but equal” prohibits racial segregation in public schools, also overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, significant milestone in the civil rights movement.

Citizens United v FEC

• Unlimited spending on political campaigns by private corporations constitutes free speech protected by the First Amendment.

• Baker v Carr

Develops the “one person, one vote” argument and allows challenges to congressional redistricting.

Shaw v Reno

Prohibits the use of race as the sole factor in redistricting under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment