Significant Surpreme Court Cases APUSH

The Marshall Court (1801-1835)

Coequal branch government, strengthened federal government’s supremacy over states, regulated interstate commerce

Marburg vs. Madison (1803)

Established the rinciple of judicial review, affirming the supreme courts authority to declare acts of congress unconstitutional

McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)

Ruled that Congress had implied powers to create a national bank and that states couldn’t tax federal admissions

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Congress holds exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce striking down a state-granted monopoly

Worcester vs. Georgia (1831)

declared the Cherokee nation was a sovereign community and that Georgia laws had no force on their land

Red Scott vs. Standard (1857)

held Black people, free or enslaved, were not U.S citizens and couldn’t sue in federal court

Wabash vs. Illinois (1886)

limited state power to regulate interstate railroad rates

Please vs. Ferguson (1896)

legalized state-imposed racial segregation by upholding Louisiana’s “separate car act” under the “separate but equal” doctrine

Insular Cases (1901-1904)

residents of newly acquired territories after the 1898 Spanish-American War didn’t automatically possess full constitutional rights

Lochner vs. New York (1905)

invalidated a New York law limiting bakers’ working hours to 10 hours a day or 60 hours a week

Muller vs. Oregon (1908)

justified special labor regulations

Standard Oil vs. U.S (1911)

the supreme court affirmed the lower courts ruling, ordering the dissolution of the standard oil trust

Schenck vs. US (1919)

free speech and hinders military operations

N.D: Espionage Act of 1917

Schechter Poultry vs. US (1963)

ruled the NIRA of 1933 unconstitutional and exceeded federal authority under the commerce clause

Korematsu vs. US (1944)

upheld forced internment of over 120K Japanese-Americans during WW2

The Warren Court (1953-1969)

ended racial segregation and carved out vital protections for criminal defendants

Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

Brown was reaching for end of segregation in public schools

Mapp vs. Ohio (1961)

incorporated the 4th Amendment to apply to state law enforcement, strengthening privacy rights nationwide

Engel vs. Vitale (1962)

eliminated religious activities from public schools

Gideon vs. Wainwright (1963)

state courts are required under the the 14th Amendment to provide counsel for indigent criminal defendants

Miranda vs. Arizona (1966)

prosecutors cannot use statements from custodial interrogations unless suspects are informed of their rights

Tinker vs. Des Moines (1969)

public school students don’t lose their 1st Amendment rights to Free Speech when entering school

New York Times vs. U.S (1971)

6-3 that the Nixon administration’s attempt to block publication of the “Pentagon Papers” was an unconstitutional prior to restraint of the press

Roe vs. Wade (1973)

recognized a women’s constitutional right to abortion based on the 14th Amendment

U.S vs. Richard Nixon (1974)

Nixon must release Oval Office tapes to a special prosecutor investigating the Watergate Scandal