Chapter 14 - 18 People to Know

APUSH American Pageant 17th edition

Peter Cartwright

wellknown Methodist traveler and preacher who converted thousands of people to Christianity and boosted church membership

Charles Grandison Finney

another evangelist who denounced alcohol and slavery and led and conducted revivals of Christianity in cities along the Erie Canal; established a theology department at the Oberlin College in Ohio and served as president there

Joseph Smith

a visionary who founded the Mormons and established a new religious oligarchy; his group ran into opposition and he got killed while the Mormons fled to Utah

Brigham Young

Mormon moses who quickly led the Mormons to Utah after Joseph Smith and his brother were killed

Horace Mann

state legislator who campaigned for better schoolhouses, longer school terms, expanded curriculum, and more pay and resources for teachers; considered the father of modern education

Dorothea Dix

NewEngland teacher author who petitioned for improved conditions in mental asylums and for the mentally ill

Neal S. Dow

reformer who sponsored the Maine Law of 1851, which prohibited the sale and manufacturing of liquor

Lucretia Mott

a Quaker who was refused entrance to a London antislavery convention

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

a mother who was a persistent fighter for women’s rights and equality in the workplace and at home as well as a suffragist

Susan B. Anthony

a fierce lecturer and advocate for women’s rights who fought for equality in courts and workplaces

Lucy Stone

a woman who kept her maiden (last) name even after getting married

Amelia Bloomer

she wore short skirts and turkish trousers to rebel against the normal clothing for women at the time

Robert Owen

wealthy Scottish textile manufacturer who founded a communal society called New Harmony that wanted harmony among people but ultimately failed and faded out

John J Audubon

a naturalist who was obsessed with birds and became the world’s greatest ornithologist

Stephen C. Foster

white Pennsylvanian who made American folk music about slaves and their hardships and spirit

James Fenimore Cooper

a wellknown author who wanted to be better than another English author; wrote books that catered well to Europeans

Ralph Waldo Emerson

a wellknown transcendentalist author and a lyceum lecturer who gave addresses about American writers needing to break free of European traditions; criticized slavery and supported the Union

Henry David Thoreau

a transcendentalist poet who did not like the American government he was living under due to slavery; inspired other civil rights activists in the future like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.

Walt Whitman

an urban dweller who learned to appreciate divinity in nature and wrote poems about nature

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

one of the most popular American poets; taught modern languages at Harvard but then wrote poems that were popular in Europe

Louisa May Alcott

worked many jobs as a teacher, seamstress, governess, and housemaid until her autobiographical novel became popular

Emily Dickinson

a recluse from Massachusetts who wrote poetry about nature, love, death, and immortality

Edgar Allan Poe

a genius who was good at writing lyric poetry, wrote many horrific short stories, and invented the modern detective story

Nathaniel Hawthorne

writer from Salem, Massachusetts who was descended from Puritans, who wrote about the struggle between good and evil as well as sin

Herman Melville

New Yorker who went out to Sea and then wrote Moby Dick which wasn’t popular at first

Francis Parkman

wrote about the struggle between France and Britain over North America during colonial times and wrote a series of volumes

William T. Johnson

a free black barber in the North who owned slaves

Nat Turner

semi literate, black preacher who led an uprising against slave owners, slaughtering lots of Virginians, women and children, before being put down

William Wilberforce

a member of Parliament and a Christian evangelical reformer who convinced other British abolitionists to unchain the slaves in the West Indies

Theodore Dwight Weld

an American abolitionist who was expelled from a university because of talking about slavery and later organized pamphlets about the horrors of slavery

William Lloyd Garrison

a reformer who published The Liberator, an antislavery magazine, and later helped found the American AntiSlavery Society

David Walker

free black who moved to Boston and published “An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World”, which denounced slavery and called upon other African Americans to resist too

Sojourner Truth

freed black woman in the North who fought for black emancipation and women’s rights

Martin Delany

a black leader who considered relocation of slaves to Africa; visited West Africa for this reason

Frederick Douglass

former slave who was an abolitionist and lectured widely about this cause, battled for civil rights and backed the Liberty Party, the Free

John Tyler

Virginian who earlier resigned from the Senate, signed laws that ended the independent treasury system and was against a centralized bank (he vetoed bills that proposed these banks)

James K. Polk

a man from Tennessee who was the Speaker of the House of Representatives for 4 years, governor of Tennessee for 2 terms, and was sponsored by Andrew Jackson

Stephen W. Kearny

a general who led 1700 troops to Santa Fe and captured it

John C. Fremont

an explorer with armed men by his side who collaborated with American naval officers and citizens to found the California Bear Flag Republic

Winfield Scott

a general touted as a hero from the War of 1812, he somehow managed to battle his way to Mexico city despite disease, harsh terrain, and a low amount of troops at his side

Nicholas P. Trist

along with Winfield Scott, he arranged an armistice at Santa Anna and signed the Treaty of GuadalupeHidalgo

David Wilmot

representative and a Senator from Pennsylvania, he introduced an amendment that said that slavery should not exist in any of the territories that were gained from Mexico

Lewis Cass

a veteran from the War of 1812, believed that people in a territory should vote on whether slavery should be legal or illegal there

Zachary Taylor

a hero from the battle of Buena Vista, had lots of wartime popularity, privately encouraged a draft of the state government in California that excluded slavery that was later passed through Congress and admitted into the Union

Harriet Tubman

illiterate runaway slave who rescued hundreds of slaves and brought them to freedom in the North

Millard Fillmore

New York lawyerpolitician who signed numerous compromise measures and the Compromise of 1850

Franklin Pierce

lawyerpolitician from New Hampshire, served in the Mexican American War, was a prosouthern northerner, was active in the slavery wing of the Democratic Party and endorsed the Fugitive Slave Law

William Walker

American adventurer who tried and failed to take control of Nicaragua, then became a president in the South and legalized slavery; a coalition of Central American forces wanted to overthrow him

Caleb Cushing

a lawyerscholar from Massachusetts who was sent to secure concessions from China for the US; persuaded the Chinese to sign the treaty of Wanghia and get commerce privileges from them

Matthew C. Perry

a commodore who sailed to Japan and negotiated friendly and trade relations with Japan, persuaded the Japanese to open trade and get America the coaling rights America needed; led to the Meiji Restoration

Harriet Beecher Stowe

a mother of 7 children who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin to awaken the North to the horrors of slavery

Henry Ward Beecher

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s brother, helped raise money for purchasing guns for 2000 people to stall the South

James Buchanan

Northerner under Southern influence, divided the Democratic party, relied on the Lecompton Constitution, which would ensure that black bondage would still exist in Kansas

Charles Sumner

a strongly disliked Senator, insulted South Carolina and another senator, later caned by Brooks

Preston S. Brooks

congressman from South Carolina who caned Sumner and resigned, although he was later reelected

Dred Scott

a black slave who had lived with his master for 5 years in Wisconsin and Illinois territory, started suing for his freedom since he was on free soil, later ruled that he could not sue in federal courts since he was a black slave and not a citizen

Roger B. Taney

Chief Justice from the slave state Maryland, argued that because a slave was provate property, he/she could be taken anywhere and be legally held there in slavery

Stephen A. Douglas

the senator who won Illinois and the debates with Lincoln but could not win the presidency, he opposed the Lecompton Constitution, made Southern Democrats want to separate from the party and the Union

Abraham Lincoln

the Republican candidate who was elected president and engaged in debates with Stephen A. Douglas

John Brown

an abolitionist who murdered lots of proslavery people in Kansas and kickstarted Bleeding Kansas, helped Harriet Tubman with the Underground Railroad, and tried to organize a raid on Harper’s Ferry but failed and was executed

John C. Breckinridge

a man from Kentucky whom the southern Democrats nominated as vice president; his platform favored extending slavery into territories and annexing slave

John Jordan Crittenden

a Senator from Kentucky who proposed amendments that were designed to appease the South, including permission for slavery to be federally protected south of the 36 degree 30 minute line.