(5) Chap 43 – The Body Defenses -

What are the two types of innate immunity?

• Barrier Defenses 

• internal Defenses

What are the different types of barrier defenses in invertebrates?

Chitin (physical barrier) in intestine

What are the different types of barrier defenses in vertebrates?

Skin – Physical Barrier & Lysozymes Digestive Tract – High acidity & normal bacteria

Respiratory Tract – Mucus & Cilia Genitourinary Tract – Acidity of Urine

What are the different types of internal defenses?

• Phagocytic White Blood Cells

• The Inflammatory Response 

• Antimicrobial Proteins

What are lysozymes?

Lysozymes and low pH (digests microbial cell walls)

What are Hemocytes?

Hemocytes in hemolymph

What are the different types of phagocytic white blood cells discussed in class?

• Neutrophils (70%)

• Monocytes (5%) 

• Eosinophils (1.5%)

• Dendritic cells 

• Natural Killer Cells

• Mast cells

What is the inflammatory response?

• Allows for dilation and increased permeability 

•  Increased temp due to increased blood flow

What are antimicrobial proteins? 

• Compliment system

• Interferon

What is interferon?

• proteins secreted by viral infected cells

• diffuse to surrounding cells

What is Compliment proteins?

• lyses viruses and pathogens

• may attract phagocytes and cause adherence

What are natural killer cells?

• Recognize damaged or diseased cells

What are the two types of lymphocytes discussed in class?

• B cells – made and mature in bone marrow 

•  T cells – made in bone marrow and matures in thymus

What are epitopes?

Small accesible portion of the antigen that binds to an antigen receptor

B cells

Y shaped receptors made up of 4 polypeptide chains

T cells

2 polypeptide chains

Class 1 MHC milecules

Work with cytotoxic T cells

Class 2 MHC molecules

Work with both cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells

Primary immune response

Takes 10 - 17 days from initial exposure to an antigen

Secondary immune response

takes 2 - 7 days from re-exposure to antigen