Digestive System
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32 Terms
What are the organs of the digestive system?
mouth and oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
what are the 4 accessory organs of digestive system
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
define digestion
breakdown of food into nutrient components
define absorption
take in those digested nutrients
what are the 2 parts of the palate
hard palate and soft palate
what is salivary amylase
enzyme
what are tonsils
produce lymphocytes
4 types of teeth
incisors, canines, premolar bicuspids, molars
3 functions of the tongue
swallowing, speaking, tasting
what is the esophagus
food travels down it
what is the stomach
churns mixes and holds the partially digested food
what are gastric glands
they secrete gastric juice
what is the pyloric sphincter
it regulates the flow of chyme into the small intestine
what is an ulcer
sore in stomach or small intestine caused by a bacterial infection
what is the small intestine
muscular tube consisting of 2 main portions, duodenum and ileum
what is the duodenum
where most digestion of food occurs
what is ileum
where most absorption of nutrients occur
what is bile
breaks down fats in the duodenum
what is the gallbladder
stores bile
what are gallstones
cholesterol clumping in the bile
what is the large intestine
stores water and holds non-absorbed food residues
what is the appendix
produces lymphocytes in response to foreign agents
what is diverticulitis
formation of pouch like weak spots in the intestinal wall
what is the hepatic portal vein
it takes the nutrients from the small intestine to the liver
what is the liver
largest organ in the body and located in the upper right portion
what are the six functions of the liver
processing and storing nutrients, synthesis and release of plasma proteins, break down of old proteins, break down of alcohol, drugs, toxins, destruction of rbcs and production of bile
what is the pancreas
organ consisting or 2 parts, exocrine and endocrine
what is the exocrine pancreas
produces pancreatic juice and enzymes
what is the endocrine pancreas
clumps of cells within the pancreas that secrete the hormones glucagon and insulin in the bloodstream
what is insulin
hormone secreted in the pancreas
what is glucagon
stimulates glycogenolysis
what is diabetes
deficiency in insulin results in a very high blood sugar level