West coast EMT block 4 Exam copy

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely?

A. Head injury

B. Pulmonary contusion

C. Multiple rib fractures

D. Cardiac contusion

A. Head injury

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an airbag that did not deploy upon impact, you should:

A. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.

B. realize that the airbag malfunctioned at the time of impact.

C. suspect that the patient may have experienced serious injuries.

D. recognize that the force of impact was most likely not severe.

A. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for:

A. injury to the cervical spine.

B. potential airway compromise.

C. damage to internal structures.

D. alterations in his mental status

B. potential airway compromise

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

A. Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma.

B. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

C. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

D. High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries.

B. the speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury proceeded

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

A. rear end of the vehicle is initially struck.

B. headrest is appropriately positioned.

C. patient tenses up at the time of impact.

D. airbag correctly deploys upon impact.

B. headrest is appropraitely positioned

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

A. rear-end collisions.

B. rollover collisions.

C. lateral collisions.

D. frontal collisions

C. lateral collisions

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to:

A. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact.

B. identify contact points and predict potential injuries.

C. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact.

D. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash.

B. identify contact points and predict potential injuries

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

A. Elevation of the lower extremities

B. Intravenous fluid administration

C. Early administration of oxygen

D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

D. rapid transport to a trauma center

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first:

A. determine if the patient was propelled away from the vehicle.

B. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian.

C. determine if the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle.

D. evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for structural damage.

B. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

A. transport the survivors only if they have injuries or complain of pain.

B. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

C. allow the survivors to refuse transport if they have no obvious injuries.

D. rapidly assess only the survivors who have experienced obvious trauma.

B. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

A. quadruples.

B. doubles.

C. triples.

D. is not affected.

A. quadruples

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include:

A. transport to a trauma center.

B. a secondary assessment at the scene.

C. transport to a community hospital.

D. a focused exam of her forearm.

A. transport to a trauma center

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

A. experiences multiple impacts.

B. is ejected or partially ejected.

C. is wearing only a lap belt.

D. remains within the vehicle.

B. is ejected or partially ejected

When a driver is in a car equipped with an airbag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the airbag deploys upon impact.

A. windshield

B. dashboard

C. steering wheel

D. door

D. door

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His revised trauma score (RTS) is:

A. 10.

B. 9.

C. 8.

D. 11.

B. 9

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

A. Dismounted seats

B. Intrusion into the vehicle

C. Steering wheel collapse

D. Deployment of the airbag

D. deployment of the airbag

Force acting over a distance is the definition of:

A. potential energy.

B. work.

C. kinetic energy.

D. latent energy.

B. work

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:

A. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls.

B. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury.

C. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.

D. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma.

C. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:

A. use a demand valve to ventilate the patient.

B. suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade.

C. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

D. administer large amounts of intravenous fluid.

C. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?

A. Eardrum rupture

B. Fractured bones

C. Impaled objects

D. Severe burns

A. eardrum rupture

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?

A. Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy; the potential energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

B. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

C. As the person falls, the amount of kinetic energy is converted into work; work is then converted to kinetic energy upon impact.

D. Potential energy is created as the person is falling; the potential energy is then converted into kinetic energy upon impact.

B. potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

A. Rear-end and rotational

B. Rotational and rollover

C. Lateral and rollover

D. Frontal and rotational

B. rotational and rollover

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

A. a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries.

B. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

C. the way in which traumatic injuries occur.

D. the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries.

B. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

A. Extremity fractures

B. Flail chest

C. Aortic rupture

D. Forehead lacerations

C. aortic rupture

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:

A. congruent.

B. cavitation.

C. conversion.

D. capitation.

B. cavitation

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the airbag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

A. neck and facial injuries.

B. lower extremity fractures.

C. open abdominal trauma.

D. blunt trauma to the head.

A. neck and facial injuries

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the:

A. kinetic energy.

B. mechanism of injury.

C. potential energy.

D. index of suspicion.

B. mechanism of injury

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition?

A. Compression of the head against the roof

B. Impact of the head against the steering wheel

C. Whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover

D. Lateral bending of the neck during the crash

A. Compression of the head against the roof

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the _____________ spine during a rear-end crash.

A. thoracic and lumbar

B. thoracic and sacral

C. lumbar and coccygeal

D. lumbar and sacral

A. thoracic and lumbar

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. the height of the fall.

B. the primary impact point.

C. the surface struck.

D. the speed of the fall.

D. the speed of the fall

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must:

A. have general surgeons in-house 24 hours a day.

B. have access to an emergency physician within 30 minutes.

C. be able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility.

D. be involved in trauma prevention programs.

A. have general surgeons in-house 24 hours a day

Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct?

A. Internal injuries caused by low-velocity bullets are usually easy to predict.

B. The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body.

C. It is usually easy to differentiate between an entrance wound and an exit wound.

D. Exit wounds are typically easy to locate with low-energy penetrating injuries.

B. the area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

A. obtain baseline vital signs.

B. apply a cervical collar.

C. auscultate bowel sounds.

D. assess for an exit wound.

D. assess for an exit wound

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

A. solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave.

B. primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious.

C. secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious.

D. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

D. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:

A. inspect the helmet for cracks.

B. leave her bicycle helmet on.

C. stabilize her entire spine.

D. obtain baseline vital signs.

C. stabilize her entire spine

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include:

A. multiple rib fractures.

B. vomiting blood.

C. an irregular pulse.

D. coughing up blood.

D. coughing up blood

The energy of a moving object is called:

A. latent energy.

B. potential energy.

C. kinetic energy.

D. converted energy.

C. kinetic energy

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is rapid and irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for:

A. traumatic rupture of the aorta.

B. bruising of the heart muscle.

C. a lacerated coronary artery.

D. underlying cardiac disease.

B. bruising of the heart muscle

Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash?

A. Deformed steering wheel

B. Collapsed dashboard

C. Intrathoracic hemorrhage

D. Caved-in passenger door

A. deformed steering wheel

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of collisions in a typical impact in a motor vehicular crash?

A. Collision of the internal organs against the body's solid structures

B. Collision of a car against another car, a tree, or another object

C. Collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicle

D. Collision of the passenger against the interior of the car

C. collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicles

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control?

A. Jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg

B. Antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg

C. Carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg

D. Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

D. femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90mmHg

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. His skin is cold and moist. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The mostappropriate treatment for this patient includes:

A. applying oxygen via nasal cannula.

B. performing a focused physical exam.

C. a detailed assessment of his abdomen.

D. preparing for immediate transport.

D. preparing for immediate transport

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

A. a decreasing blood pressure.

B. dizziness upon standing.

C. rapid, shallow breathing.

D. a rapid, thready pulse.

B. dizziness upon standing

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

A. An intact system of blood vessels

B. An effectively pumping heart

C. The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

D. Adequate blood in the vasculature

C. the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should:

A. control the bleeding with direct pressure.

B. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound.

C. apply oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask.

D. ensure the patient has a patent airway.

A. control the bleeding with direct pressure

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for two to three hours?

A. Skeletal muscle

B. Heart

C. Kidneys

D. Brain

A. skeletal muscle

An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

A. heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min.

B. systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg.

C. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

D. body's demand for oxygen is markedly increased.

C. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6ºF (37.0ºC)

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:

A. is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.

B. should be controlled by packing the nostril with gauze.

C. should be assumed to be caused by a fractured septum.

D. is usually due to hypertension caused by the head injury.

A. is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped

Perfusion is most accurately defined as the:

A. circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs.

B. effective transfer of oxygen from the venules across the systemic capillary membrane walls.

C. effective removal of carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products from the body's cells.

D. ability of the systemic arteries to constrict as needed to maintain an adequate blood pressure.

A. circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the boyd's metabolib needs

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

A. venules.

B. capillary arteries.

C. arterioles.

D. vena cavae.

C. arterioles

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

A. hypoxemia.

B. cellular death.

C. shock.

D. cyanosis.

C. shock

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

A. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound.

B. place additional dressings over the wound.

C. splint the arm and keep it below heart level.

D. replace the dressing with another dressing.

B. place additional dressings over the wound

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

A. additional sterile dressings.

B. a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

C. a splint and elevate the extremity.

D. digital pressure to a proximal artery.

B. a tourniquet proximal to the injury

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is most often controlled by:

A. keeping the patient warm.

B. applying chemical ice pack.

C. splinting the extremity.

D. applying a tourniquet.

C. splinting the extremity

A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. He is conscious but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. There is no external bleeding noted. The EMT should:

A. stabilize his pelvis by placing him onto his side.

B. elevate his legs, keep him warm, and transport.

C. assess his blood pressure to detect hypotension.

D. apply a compression device around his pelvis.

D. apply a compression device around his pelvis

All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except:

A. capillary bleeding.

B. slow, shallow breathing.

C. severe hemorrhage.

D. airway obstruction.

A. capillary bleeding

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

A. at least 10% of the patient's blood volume is lost.

B. the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced.

C. low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion.

D. the patient's systolic BP is less than 100 mm Hg.

C. low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is most important to recall that:

A. the patient might be significantly hypertensive.

B. many medications interfere with blood clotting.

C. the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

D. a detailed exam is needed to determine the cause.

C. the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

A. packing the wound with gauze.

B. applying local direct pressure.

C. compressing a pressure point.

D. elevating the injured extremity.

B. applying local direct pressure

Which of the following findings would be the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

A. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xarelto).

B. The patient has a history of hypertension.

C. The patient had a stroke five years prior.

D. The patient has not eaten in 24 hours.

A. the patient takes rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

A. dyspnea.

B. hemoptysis.

C. hematuria.

D. hematemesis.

D. hematemesis

Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

A. Vacuum splint

B. Air splint

C. Sling and swathe

D. Cardboard splint

B. air splint

After blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be most suspicious of injury to the:

A. pancreas.

B. spleen.

C. kidneys.

D. gallbladder

B. spleen

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

A. 50 mL

B. 150 mL

C. 200 mL

D. 100 mL

D. 100 mL

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:

A. systolic blood pressure exclusively.

B. white blood cells' ability to fight infection.

C. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen.

D. ability of the blood to effectively clot.

D. ability of the blood to effectively clot

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

A. significant hypotension.

B. pain and distention.

C. widespread ecchymosis.

D. bruising only.

B. pain and distention

Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding?

A. Pack the wound with a hemostatic impregnated gauze.

B. Apply a tourniquet to an extremity above the level of the bleeding.

C. Apply direct pressure over the wound with a dry, sterile dressing.

D. Apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard.

D. apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

A. veins carry deoxygenated blood.

B. blood typically oozes from a vein.

C. veins hold smaller blood volume.

D. veins are under a lower pressure.

D. veins are under a lower pressure

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would most likely control the bleeding?

A. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure.

B. Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis.

C. Position the patient with his injured side down.

D. Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport.

A. apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except:

A. clinical signs and symptoms.

B. poor general appearance.

C. systolic blood pressure.

D. the mechanism of injury.

C. systolic blood pressure

Regardless of the type of tourniquet used, it is important to remember that:

A. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first.

B. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control.

C. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released.

D. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding.

C. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding might return if the tourniquet is released

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

A. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

B. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine.

C. placing a rolled 4 × 4-inch dressing between his lower lip and gum.

D. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops.

A. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward

What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?

A. 5.25 L

B. 6.25 L

C. 6.0 L

D. 6.50 L

C. 6.0 L

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:

A. apply direct pressure to the wound.

B. cover the patient with a blanket.

C. provide high-flow oxygen.

D. obtain baseline vital signs.

A. apply direct pressure to the wound

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:

A. weakness or dizziness.

B. a heart rate over 120 beats/min.

C. a low blood pressure.

D. diaphoresis and pale skin.

A. weakness or dizziness

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is mostrelated to:

A. how fast his or her heart beats.

B. his or her baseline blood pressure.

C. how rapidly he or she bleeds.

D. the part of the body injured.

C. how rapidly he or she bleeds

Capillaries link the arterioles and the:

A. cells.

B. veins.

C. aorta.

D. venules.

D. venules

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?

A. Red blood cells separate from plasma.

B. Platelets collect at the injury site.

C. Local blood vessels begin to dilate.

D. Red blood cells become less sticky.

B. platelets collect at the injury site

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

A. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting.

B. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets.

C. Patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously.

D. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.

C. patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

A. 5%

B. 10%

C. 20%

D. 15%

C. 20%

A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand impaled his leg. The most appropriate method for treating this injury is to:

A. leave the kickstand attached to the bike until the physician can remove it safely.

B. unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings.

C. cut the kickstand off just above the skin, and stabilize it with sterile dressings.

D. remove the kickstand in a circular motion and apply a dry, sterile dressing.

B. unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings

Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct?

A. Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage.

B. The size of the entry and exit wounds is a reliable indicator of internal damage.

C. Respiratory or cardiac arrest following an electrical burn is very uncommon.

D. The exit wound caused by electrical burns is smaller than the entrance wound.

A. entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage

All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, except for the:

A. nose.

B. anus.

C. mouth.

D. lips.

D. lips

Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because:

A. most burns in children are the result of child abuse.

B. pediatric patients have a proportionately larger volume of blood.

C. pediatric patients are more prone to hyperthermia.

D. pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass.

D. pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass

A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his forearm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be most concerned that this patient has:

A. damage to the radial nerve.

B. internal hemorrhage.

C. compartment syndrome.

D. a severe closed fracture.

C. compartment syndrome

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child?

A. Any burn that involves the arms, legs, or posterior part of the body

B. Any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

C. Partial-thickness burn that covers 10% of the BSA

D. Superficial burn that covers 25% of the BSA

B. any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should:

A. assess his pulse for rate, regularity, and quality.

B. open his airway and assess his breathing status.

C. apply high-flow oxygen and assess his injuries.

D. perform an immediate head-to-toe assessment.

B. open his airway and assess his breathing status

According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total body surface area.

A. 1%

B. 2%

C. 6%

D. 4%

A. 1%

Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss?

A. Incision

B. Avulsion

C. Abrasion

D. Laceration

C. abrasion

In addition to external bleeding, the most significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:

A. nerve damage.

B. hypothermia.

C. vessel damage.

D. infection.

D. infection

For electricity to flow through the body and cause damage:

A. the person must make direct physical contact with the source of electricity.

B. a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.

C. an insulator must exist between the electrical source and the patient.

D. the part of the body that is in contact with the electrical source must be dry.

B. a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground

Which of the following would be the least likely cause of an altered level of consciousness in a patient with a burn?

A. Hypoglycemia

B. Hypertension

C. Head injury

D. Hypoperfusion

B. hypertension

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

A. brush away the chemical before flushing with water.

B. deactivate the chemical with a 5% vinegar solution.

C. quickly irrigate the arm with large amounts of water.

D. use forceful streams of water to remove the chemica

A. brush away the chemical before flushing with water

In addition to severe bleeding, the most life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

A. an air embolism.

B. a spinal fracture.

C. an ischemic stroke.

D. nerve fiber damage.

A. an air embolism

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

A. Soles of the feet

B. Ears

C. Scalp

D. Back

B. ears

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

A. fatty layer.

B. dermal layer.

C. muscle fascia.

D. epidermis.

B. dermal layer

Which of the following is a sign of compartment syndrome?

A. A bounding pulse distal to the injury site

B. Absence of pain at the injury site

C. Extreme redness to the injury site

D. Pain upon passive movement of the injury site

D. pain upon passive movement of the injury site

Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct?

A. The dermis produces a substance that provides color to the skin.

B. The cells of the dermis are worn away and are constantly replaced.

C. The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.

D. The dermis lies above the germinal layer and provides protection.

C. the dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:

A. carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial.

B. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.

C. thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing.

D. carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing.

B. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing

An abdominal evisceration:

A. should be covered with bulky dry, sterile dressings.

B. often causes severe hypothermia because of heat loss.

C. occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

D. is most commonly the result of blunt force trauma.

C. occurs when organs protrude through an open wound