MW SEMESTER 2 FINAL EXAM

Neville Chamberlain

Great British prime minister who advocated peace and a policy of appeasement

Winston Churchill

Leader of Great Britain and a military leader of the country

Hitler

Fascist leader of Germany, took on the title "Fuhrer"

Rudolph Hess

Hitler's deputy and tried at Nuremberg

Heinrich Himmler

Leader of the SS, carried out the mass executions of the camps

Herman Goring

Commander of the Luftwaffe, committed suicide before tried

Herbert Hoover

President of the United States at the outbreak of the Great Depression

FDR

Architect of the "New Deal" in response to the Depression, died at the end of the WW2

George Marshall

US Secretary of State after ww2 and helped Europe repair

Rosie the Riveter

fictional character used to promote women working during ww2

Charles de Gaulle

Leader of the Free French movement during ww2

Hirohito

Emperor of Japan during WWII

Hideki Tojo

Prime minister of Japan during World War II, very aggressive

Robert Oppenheimer

Scientist in charge of the Manhattan project(the atomic 💣)

Chester Nimitz

Admiral of the U.S. navy in the pacific during ww2

Colonel Tibbets

Man who dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima

George Kennan

Father of containment, wrote the "Long Telegraph" which outline plans for containment

Douglas MacArthur

Leader of the U.S. army in the Pacific, vowed that he would return to the Philippines and also helped rebuild Japan

Joseph Stalin

Leader of the Soviet Union during ww2, tried to industrialize the country

Mikhail Gorbachev

Introduced reforms in the Soviet Union making it more capitalistic

Hindenburg

President of the Weimar republic when Hitler became Chancellor

Erwin Rommel

"Desert Fox" - lead general of the German Army and had success in Africa

Karl Donitz

U-Boat commander of Germany, and argued that he did the same as the U.S. commander

General Petain

Leader of Vichy France during ww2, military leader during ww1

Robert Jackson

US Supreme Court Justice during the Nuremberg Trials

General Bernard Montgomery

Leader of the British army during ww2, during D-Day

President Reagan

President during much of the Cold War and came up with the "Star Wars" defense

President Truman

Decided to use the Berlin Airlift

the New Deal

Government programs instituted by Franklin D. Roosevelt to rescue the country from the Great Depression

R.A.F.

British Royal Air Force

Berlin Airlift

Airlifted supplies, code name "Operation Vittles"

Blitzkrieg

lightning war used by the Nazis in ww2

Enola Gay

Airplane that dropped the first nuclear bomb on Hiroshima

Domino Theory

A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Briefcase Plot

Generals attempt to Kill Hitler by putting a bomb in Hitler's suitcase

Anschluss

The annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938

Warsaw Pact

Soviet Unions answer to NATO, alliance of communist controlled countries

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization between Western countries

Casualties

Prisoners of War, MIA, deaths, injuries

Iron Curtain

the imaginary line that spread across Europe following ww2

Atlantic Wall

Hitler's fortifications along the Atlantic to try and protect against attacks from the allies

Containment

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

Battle of Poland, September 1st, 1939

Germany attacks Poland

Pearl Harbor

Base in hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which eagered America to enter the war.

Battle of Britain

A series of battles between German and British air forces, fought over Britain in 1940-1941

Battle of the Atlantic

Longest battle of ww2 between the German U-boats and the British Navy

D-day, June 6 1944

3 phases:

Battle of Okinawa

bloodiest battle of the pacific war

Battle of Stalingrad

Turning point on the Eastern Front

Battle of Greece

Hitler had to come and bail out Mussolini

Miracle of Dunkirk

Allies evacuated troops over the English Channel

Operation Sealion

Planned invasion of Great Britain by the Germans but never happened

Operation Barbarossa

Invasion of the USSR by the Nazis

Operation Downfall

Allied plan for the invasion of Japan but never happened due to the use of the Atomic Bomb

Operation Torch

Invasion of North Africa by the Allies

Operation Bodyguard

Purpose was to deceive the Nazis about D-day

Operation Uranus

Operation that pushed that Nazis out of Stalingrad

Carl Marx

Father of Communism, thought the workers would overthrow the owners

Western Democracies

Allowed Hitler to gain so much power due to their focus on communism

Nuremberg Laws

Placed severe restrictions of Jews, prohibited from marrying non- Jews, attending schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine or publishing books.

Gestapo

Nazi secret police

"Stab in the Back theory"

Hitler's idea that the German Army was stabbed in the back by their government in ww1

Totalitarian government

A form of government in which the leaders claim complete dominance of all individuals and institutions.

Pact of Steel

Treaty between Germany and Italy

Hitler's failed coup

Decided to try to take power illegally
Went to jail for a short time
Gained Martyrs due to deaths

Panzer

German Tank

Hitler Invasion of the Soviet Union without...

The generals agreement

Soviets readiness when invaded

The Soviets were not ready

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Mussolini's Battles

Often got into them unprepared because he was afraid Germans would win the war without them contributing

Island Hopping

A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and going from Island to Island

Five beaches of Normandy

Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword

Date of Japanese Surrender

August 14, 1945

United Nations

General assembly : Everybody
Security Counsel: Where to send troops

Winter War

Finland lost territory to the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1941

Mutually Assured Destruction

If a country struck at another country they would retaliate

Lebensraum

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people

Manhattan Project

Atomic bomb project

Maginal line

Line between France and Germany

Mujahadeen

Muslim warriors that fought against the Soviet Union

Kamikaze

Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and crashed them into American ships.

Meinkampf

book written by Adolf Hitler in 1924, meaning "My Strugle"

Ultra

System used by the allies in ww2 to decode German Messages

Battle of Midway

1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific, Japan lost 4 carriers

Why the Soviet Union and the U.S. dislike each other

1. Opposing government
2. Opposing economies
3. U.S. didn't tell the Soviet Union about the Atomic Bomb
4. The allies took a long time to open up another front during ww2