Wiedza o USA (Q Set 2)

What are values closely associated with frontier experience?

Individualism, self-reliance, democracy, and expansionism were key. Life on the frontier fostered independence and adaptability.

What was the proclamation line (The Proclamation of 1763)?

Issued by Britain, it banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflicts with Native Americans.

What did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 allow the government to do?

Allowed the U.S. government to relocate Native American tribes from their ancestral lands to lands west of the Mississippi River.

What is referred to as the Trail of Tears?

The forced relocation of Native Americans, especially the Cherokee, resulting in thousands of deaths from disease, starvation, and exposure.

What were the main forms of Americanization of Native Americans? Briefly explain each form.

• Education: Boarding schools aimed to assimilate Native children.

• Religion: Conversion to Christianity.

• Land ownership: Through allotment, tribes lost communal lands.

• Language and culture: Erased native languages and customs.

What was allotment introduced through the Dawes Allotment Act?

Gave individual Native Americans plots of land to encourage farming and assimilation, but led to significant loss of tribal lands.

What was the significance of the Burke Act (1906)?

Delayed full land ownership for Native Americans until they were deemed “competent,” further undermining Native control of land.

What was The Compromise of 1850?

A package of laws meant to ease tensions between free and slave states. Included California joining as a free state and a stricter Fugitive Slave Law.

What was the Fugitive Slave Law about? What were the impacts of introducing the Fugitive Slave Law?

Required that escaped slaves be returned to owners, even from free states.
Impact: Increased Northern opposition to slavery.

What was the decision in the Dred Scott case and what was its impact?

Supreme Court ruled that African Americans weren't citizens and had no right to sue; said Congress couldn’t ban slavery in territories.
Impact: Further polarized the nation.

When was Abraham Lincoln’s inauguration?

March 4, 1861.

What event marks the beginning of the civil war?

Attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.

Name the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War. 

Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862).

When was the Emancipation Proclamation signed?

January 1, 1863.

What was the battle of the Civil War that marked the turning point for the Union and took place July 1-3, 1863?

Battle of Gettysburg.

What was the Gettysburg Address?

A short but powerful speech by Lincoln, reaffirming the principles of liberty and equality.

Which event marked the end of the Civil War?

Surrender at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.

When was Abraham Lincoln assassinated?

April 14, 1865, (died April 15).

Who became president after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated?

Andrew Johnson.

What is referred to as the Reconstruction Era?

Period after Civil War (1865–1877) focused on rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves.

What is sharecropping?

System where freedmen farmed land for a share of the crop; often led to economic dependency and poverty.

Why is The Civil Rights Act of 1866 important?

Granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans.

What are the laws that created the basis of the system of segregation called?

Jim Crow laws.

What did the Supreme Court decide in their ruling in the Plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896?

Legalized "separate but equal" segregation.

What does the NAACP stand for? (concerning African Americans).

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Who introduced the concept of double consciousness?

Introduced by W.E.B. Du Bois, describing the internal conflict of being Black and American.

What was the landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education – ruled segregation in schools unconstitutional.

Who was the Civil Rights activist who preached civil disobedience?

Martin Luther King Jr.

Who was killed on Feb. 21, 1965?

Malcolm X.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provide for?

Banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in public places and employment.

Who were the Black Panthers?

A revolutionary group advocating for Black empowerment, self-defense, and community programs.

Who founded the Black Lives Matter Movement?

Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi in 2013.

What was the American Dream initially about? How did the concept of the American Dream change after the World War II?

Originally about freedom and opportunity; after WWII, it focused more on home ownership and middle-class prosperity.

What is the difference between the “melting pot” and “salad bowl” theories?

• Melting Pot: Cultures blend into one.

• Salad Bowl: Cultures maintain distinct identities within a shared society.

What did the Geary Act of 1892 do?

Extended the Chinese Exclusion Act and required Chinese residents to carry residency permits.

What was The Ladies' Agreement of 1921?

Restricted immigration of Japanese women to the U.S. to curb Japanese-American population growth.

What is another name for the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965?

Also called the Hart-Celler Act; it abolished national origin quotas, reshaping U.S. immigration.

When did the Mexican-American War take place?

1846–1848.

What kind of consequences did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo have on Mexico and the United States once its terms were fulfilled?

• Mexico lost half its territory.

• U.S. gained land including California, Arizona, and Texas.

• Many Mexicans became U.S. citizens overnight.