L5: Human origin and evolution

1. What is the definition of evolution?

Changes in the heritable characteristics/traits of living organisms over successive generations.

2. What does evolution propose about all organisms?

They are descended from a common ancestor.

3. What are some evidences of evolution?

Fossil records, chemical and anatomical similarities, geographic distribution, recorded genetic changes, and genetic similarity.

4. How did Darwin suggest that evolution works?

Variation already exists and is passed on to the next generations, and nature favors traits best suited to the environment through natural selection.

5. Explain the concept of "survival of the fittest."

Organisms with traits best suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

6. What is the significance of the Galapagos finches in understanding evolution?

Different finches came from the mainland of South America separately and evolved differently on different islands, with the most suitable traits surviving on each island.

7. Define the formation of new species.

The process by which a new species evolves from an existing species through the passing on of desirable characteristics and significant genetic changes.

8. Give an example of evolution in action.

The peppered moth, where the color of the moth and tree trunk influenced survival rates.

9. How did SARS-CoV-2 evolve?

Through random mutations and the accumulation of advantageous mutations while propagating in animal hosts, favoring mutations that enable transmission from animal hosts to humans.

10. What types of virus strains are best fit to survive in the case of SARS-CoV-2?

Virus strains with mutations that allow human-to-human transmission or increased transmissibility.