Likely Exam Questions World Politics

What is globalization?

Process of increasing economic political and cultural interdependence between countries

What are two drivers of globalization?

Technological change and trade liberalization

What is backlash against globalization?

Political and social resistance to global integration

Two economic causes of backlash?

Inequality between winners and losers deindustrialization in advanced economies

Two cultural causes of backlash?

Migration pressures and perceived loss of national identity

Two political manifestations of backlash?

Rise of populist parties and protectionist policies like tariffs or Brexit

What is populism?

Thin ideology dividing society into pure people vs corrupt elite

Two causes of populism?

Economic insecurity and cultural backlash

What is comparative advantage?

Theory that countries benefit by specializing in efficient production

What is mercantilism?

Economic theory that wealth is based on trade surplus exports greater than imports

What is protectionism?

Government policies restricting trade through tariffs quotas or subsidies

What is a trade war?

Escalation of protectionist measures between states

What is global governance?

Coordination of global issues without a world government

Two drivers of global governance?

Interdependence and transnational problems like climate change

What is an international organization?

Institution created by states through treaty with formal structure and rules

Two limitations of international organizations?

Dependence on state consent and weak enforcement power

Why was the League of Nations ineffective?

Lack of enforcement power and absence of major powers commitment

What is the UN Security Council?

UN body responsible for international peace and security with veto powers

What is peacekeeping?

Deployment of neutral forces to maintain ceasefire agreements

What is peace enforcement?

Use of force under UN mandate to restore peace

What is the ICJ?

International Court of Justice resolving legal disputes between states

What is neo-functionalism?

Theory of integration based on spillover effects between sectors

What is intergovernmentalism?

Theory that states control integration outcomes through bargaining

What is the EU?

Regional integration organization combining supranational and intergovernmental elements

What is the single market?

EU system allowing free movement of goods services capital and labor

What is globalization in economic terms?

Integration of global production trade and financial systems

What is cultural globalization?

Spread and mixing of cultural values ideas and media across countries

What is political globalization?

Expansion of international institutions and global cooperation

What is inequality in globalization?

Unequal distribution of gains between different social groups and countries

What is the elephant curve?

Graph showing uneven global income growth across populations

What is civil war?

Armed conflict within a state involving government and non state actors

Two causes of civil war?

Greed economic incentives and grievance identity inequality

What is greed theory of conflict?

Civil war driven by economic opportunities and resource gain

What is grievance theory?

Civil war driven by identity inequality or exclusion

What is guerrilla warfare?

Small scale hit and run tactics used by weaker actors

What is one sided violence?

Violence by state or group against civilians

What is terrorism?

Use of violence to create fear for political or ideological goals

Key feature of terrorism?

Lack of territorial control and targeting civilians for political effect

What is asymmetric warfare?

Conflict between unequal military actors

What is unconventional warfare?

Non traditional tactics like insurgency cyber attacks or guerrilla warfare

What is nationalism?

Ideology that nations should govern themselves as political units

What is civic nationalism?

National identity based on citizenship and shared political values

What is ethnic nationalism?

National identity based on ancestry language or culture

What is secession?

Process of a region breaking away to form an independent state

What is irredentism?

Claiming territory based on ethnic or historical ties

What is modernization theory?

Development model where societies move from traditional to modern stages

What is dependency theory?

Idea that underdevelopment is caused by exploitation by core countries

What is neoclassical development theory?

Focus on free markets and minimal state intervention for growth

What are weak institutions?

Low state capacity to enforce rules and provide governance

What is resource curse?

Paradox where resource rich countries often have poor development outcomes

What is internationalized civil war?

Civil war involving external state intervention

What is the main cause of populism rise?

Combination of economic insecurity and cultural backlash

What is protectionist backlash politically?

Policies increasing tariffs restricting trade and limiting globalization