introduction to data processing

Data Processing

The systematic procedure of preparing data for analysis by ensuring completeness, consistency, and accuracy.

Data Coding

The process of converting verbal or written information into numbers or symbols for easier tabulation and analysis.

Field Coding

Assigning a numerical code that directly represents the actual value (e.g., 1 for Male, 2 for Female).

Bracket Coding

Grouping values into ranges instead of exact numbers (e.g., age 18–25 = 1, age 26–35 = 2).

Listing Coding

Assigning codes to predefined answer choices (e.g., 1 for 'Strongly Agree,' 2 for 'Agree,' etc.).

Pattern Coding

Assigning codes for combinations of responses (e.g., if someone selects 'TV' and 'Internet' for news sources, they get a unique code).

Coding Manual

A document containing a record of all assigned codes to ensure uniformity in data processing.

Field Editing

Checking data while still in the field.

Central Editing

Checking data after receiving questionnaires from the field.

Key Rules for Data Editing

1. Check for completeness and consistency. 2. Do not erase original responses. 3. Use a different color for edits. 4. Ensure edits follow standardized instructions.