introduction to data processing

Q: What is data processing?
A: The systematic procedure of preparing data for analysis by ensuring completeness, consistency, and accuracy.

Q: What is data coding?
A: The process of converting verbal or written information into numbers or symbols for easier tabulation and analysis.

Q: What are the types of coding methods?
A:

1. Field coding: Uses the actual value (e.g., 1 for Male, 2 for Female).

2. Bracket coding: Groups values into ranges (e.g., 18–25 years, 26–35 years).

3. Listing coding: Assigns predefined codes to categories (e.g., multiple-choice questions).

4. Pattern coding: Covers multiple responses for a single question.

Q: What is a coding manual?
A: A document containing a record of all assigned codes to ensure uniformity in data processing.

Q: What are the two types of data editing?
A:

1. Field Editing: Checking data while still in the field.

2. Central Editing: Checking data after receiving questionnaires from the field.

Q: What are some key rules for data editing?
A:

• Check for completeness and consistency.

• Do not erase original responses.

• Use a different color for edits.

• Ensure edits follow standardized instructions.

Q: What is field coding?
A: Assigning a numerical code that directly represents the actual value (e.g., 1 for Male, 2 for Female).

Q: What is bracket coding?
A: Grouping values into ranges instead of exact numbers (e.g., age 18–25 = 1, age 26–35 = 2).

Q: What is listing coding?
A: Assigning codes to predefined answer choices (e.g., 1 for "Strongly Agree," 2 for "Agree," etc.).

Q: What is pattern coding?
A: Assigning codes for combinations of responses (e.g., if someone selects "TV" and "Internet" for news sources, they get a unique code).