Vertebrate Zoology Lab Practical 2 - Skeletal System + Vertebral Column + Urogenital

Acromion

The bony process of the shoulder. between the scapula and the clavicle.

Baculum

A penile bone in most mammals.

Calcar

A modified tarsal bone that forms a spur (projection) in the ankles of bats.

Carpals

Pertaining to the wrist portion of the tetrapod forelimb (manus).

Clavicle

A paired bone of the tetrapod pectoral girdle.

Coracoid

A paired bone of the tetrapod pectoral girdle that braces the shoulders.

Falciform Bone

A unique (ligament-derived) bone in the manus of moles.

Femur

The single bone of the proximal (upper) segment of the tetrapod hindlimb.

Fibula (plural Fibulae)

One of the two bones of the second segment of the tetrapod hindlimb.

Furculum

U or Y-shaped bone derived from the fusion of the two clavicles (as in birds) aka wishbone.

Humerus

The single bone of the proximal (upper) segment of the tetrapod forelimb.

Ilium (NOTE SPELLING)

The dorsal paired bones of the tetrapod pelvic girdle that connect to the sacral vertebrae.

Innominate Bone

The fused pelvic (coxal) bones, including the ischium, ilium and pubis.

Ischium

The anteriorly projecting paired bones of the tetrapod pelvic girdle.

Keel

Keel of sternum (projection of bone).

Metacarpals

The series of elongated bones immediately distal to the carpals that make up the tetrapod manus (hand).

Metatarsals

The series of elongated bones immediately distal to the tarsals that make up the tetrapod pes (hind foot).

Patella

A bone located within the tendon that crosses the knee.

Pectoral Girdle

The skeletal elements that support the pectoral fin or forelimb.

Pelvic Girdle

The skeletal elements that support the pelvic fin or hind limb.

Phalanges

Digits or fingers and toes.

Pubis

Paired bone on either side of the pelvis.

Radius

One of the two bones of the second segment of the tetrapod front limb.

Ribs

Slender bones that extend ventro-laterally from the vertebral column to anchor trunk muscles and enclose the thoracic body cavity.

Scapula

A bone of the pectoral girdle; shoulder blade.

Sternum

A flat bone or cartilage on the ventral side of the rib cage and pectoral girdle in tetrapods.

Tarsals

Pertaining to the ankle portion of the tetrapod hindlimb (pes).

Tarsometatarsus

A single bone derived from the fusion of several metatarsal bones and proximal tarsal bones (as in birds).

Tibia (plural Tibiae)

One of the two bones of the second segment of the tetrapod hindlimb.

Tibiotarsus

The fusion of the tibia with some proximal tarsal bones (as in birds).

Ulna

One of the two bones of the second segment of the tetrapod forelimb.

Uncinate Process

Bone extensions of the ribs that extend to adjacent ribs and strengthen the rib cage.

Ventral Rib

Lower ribs of the ribcage.

Atlas

The anterior-most vertebra that articulates with the skull (in tetrapods).

Axis

The second vertebra (after the atlas) in amniotes.

Caudal Vertebrae

Vertebrae in the rear or posterior of the animal; tail vertebrae

Cervical Vertebrae

Pertaining to the neck (for vertebrae, these lie between the skull and the pectoral girdle).

Lumbar Vertebrae

Back or spinal vertebrae.

Pygostyle

Fused caudal vertebrae that are expanded to support feathers.

Sacral Vertebrae (Sacrum)

The two or more (usually fused) vertebrae that lie between and attach to the ilia of the pelvis.

Synsacrum

A broadly fused sacrum, pelvis, and additional vertebrae in birds.

Thoratic Vertebrae

Pertaining to the thorax or anterior trunk, usually containing ribs.

Trunk Vertebrae

The main body excluding the head, neck, tail and fins/limbs.

Cervix

The junction between the uterus and the v4gina in female mammals.

Clitoris

Female reproductive structure homologous to the p3nis in mammals.

Epididymis

A sperm storage organ that is part of the male reproductive system.

Kidney

Excretory and osmoregulatory organ, typically paired.

Mammary gland

Epidermal glands derived from mammalian sweat glands that produce for nourishment of the young.

Mammary Papillae

Nipple; protruding opening of the mammary gland.

Ovary

Female gonad that produces eggs (and hormones related to production).

Oviduct

A tube in the female reproductive system that connects the ovary to the uterus.

P3nis

Male reproductive organ

Scrotum

An external sac-like structure that houses the testes in mammals.

Seminal Vesicles

Male reproductive glands that produce components of the semen.

Testis (plural Testes)

Male gonad that produces sperm (and hormones related to production).

Urinary Bladder

A hollow organ for the temporary storage of urine.

Urogenital Sinus

Cavity that forms the common opening of the urinary and reproductive systems.

Uterine Horn

One branch in a Y-shaped uterus (as in some mammals).

Uterus

Female reproductive structure that houses developing embryos.

V4gina

The portion of the female reproductive tract between the uterus and the external opening.

Vessicular Gland

Paired gland that contributes to semen production in some mammals.