Manual WBC + RBC Counts

6 L/7-8% of body weight

total blood volume in an average adult

45% cells

55% plasma

circulating blood is divided into ?

RBCs

WBCs

platelets

components of 45% of cells in blood

bone marrow

as cells (leukocytes) mature, they can move through thesinusoids of the ? because of a decreased overall cell size, a decreased nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, and increased flexibility and mobility

metamyelocytes (45%)

band form neutrophils (35%)

segmented neutrophils (20%)

bone marrow compartments

blast cell

promyelocyte

myelocyte

metamyelocyte

band cell

segmented neutrophil

monocyte

immature monocyte

promonocyte

monoblast

thrombopoiesis

hematopoietic stem cell —> common myeloid progenitor —> megakaryoblast —> promegakaryocyte —> megakaryocyte —> thrombocytes (platelets)

hematology lab tests

1. counting the number or concentration of cells

2. determining the relative distribution of various types of cells (differential)

3. measuring biochemical abnormalities of the blood

4. hemostasis and coagulation assays

4.5-5.3 × 10^12/L

red blood cell count in males

4.1-5.1 × 10^12/L

red blood cell count in females

6.0-17.0 × 10^9/L

white blood cell count in 6 months old

4.5-13.5 × 10^9/L

white blood cell count in 10 year olds

4.5-11.0 × 10^9/L

white blood cell count in 21 year olds

4.4-11.3 × 10^9/L

white blood cell count in >21 year olds

150-450 × 10^9/L

normal platelet count

4.5-6.0 × 10^6/mm³

normal range of manual RBC count in adult males

4.0-5.5 × 10^6/mm³

normal range of manual RBC count in adult females

5.0-6.3 × 10^6/mm³

normal range of manual RBC count in newborns

dilution fluid

when counting RBCs, a ? is used

isotonic saline

diluting fluid used in manual RBC count

polycythemia

high altitude

dehydration

causes an increase in RBCs

anemia

iron deficiency

sickle cell anemia

trauma

chemotherapy

causes an decrease in RBCs

5.0-10.0 × 10³/mm³

normal range of manual WBC count for adult

4.5-12.0 × 10³/mm³

normal ranges of manual WBC count in children

9.0-30.0 × 10³/mm³

normal range of manual WBC count in newborns

dilution fluid

when counting WBCs, a ? is used to hemolyze non-nucleated RBCs

acetic acid

0.1 N HCl

ammonium oxalate

common diluting fluids

infection (acute)-itis

leukemia (acute)

newborns

pregnancy

menstruation

cause an increase in WBC

leukopenia (permanent or progressive decrease in WBC)

infection (viral)

HIV

ionizing radiation (x-rays and gamma rays)

chemotherapy

causes a decrease in WBCs