Intro, Theoretical Perspectives, and Research Methods

Vocabulary flashcards covering the introductory theoretical perspectives and research methods in psychology.

Biological/Neuroscience

The study of the biology of behavior, focusing on the nervous system, hormones, and genetics (Nature, Unconscious, Internal).

Psychodynamic

A perspective where behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control (Nature, Unconscious, Internal).

Cognitive

Focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world (Nature & Nurture, Conscious & Unconscious, Internal, Free Will).

Behavioral

Emphasizes that external behavior can be measured and observed objectively (Nurture, Conscious, Observable emphasis).

Humanistic

Suggests all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior (Nurture, Conscious, Internal emphasis).

SocioCultural

The study of how society and socialization affect learning, development, and behavior (Nurture).

Epigenetics

The study of changes in organisms caused by modifications of gene expressions rather than alteration of the genetic code, such as the "Fear of pink pencils example".

Structuralism

Wundt's approach focusing on uncovering fundamental mental components of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states and activities.

Functionalism

An early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does—the functions of mental activity—and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.

Objective

Information based on fact rather than personal opinion.

Subjective

Information based on personal opinion rather than fact.

Scientific method

A systematic process involving theory, identifying questions, hypothesis, research, and communicating findings.

Operationalized

The translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed.

Archival research

A methodology in which existing data are examined to test a hypothesis.

Naturalistic observation

A research method commonly referred to as "people watching" where behavior is observed in its natural setting.

Case study

An intensive investigation of a specific group or individual.