Vessels and Circulation 2

a buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances within artery walls, commonly known as plaque:

Artheroma

Progressive disease of the elastic and muscular arteries characterized by the presence of an artheroma:

Artherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is linked to over ____% of all deaths in the United States

50%

injury (especially repeated injury) to the endothelium of an arterial wall results in an inflammatory reaction that eventually leads to the development of an:

Artheroma

The injury could be caused by infection, trauma to the vessel, or _________. The injured endothelium becomes more permeable, which encourages ________ and ________ to adhere to the lesion and initiate an inflammatory response.

Hypertension, Leukocytes, Platelets

_______________ (LDLs) and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) enter the tunica _______, combine with oxygen, and remain stuck to the vessel wall. This oxidation of lipoproteins attracts ________, which adhere to the endothelium and migrate into the wall.

Low-Density Lipoproteins, Intima, Monocytes

As monocytes migrate into the wall, they digest the lipids and develop into structures called:

Foam Cells

Atherosclerosis can lead to ____________ (CAD), which results when the arteries supplying the heart wall (__________) are occluded, or ____________ (PAD), which results when arteries of the systemic circulation (often those in the lower limbs) are occluded.

Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Arteries, Pulmonary Artery Disease

An increased amount of cholesterol in the blood, which also tends to run in families, has been positively associated with the rate of development and severity of atherosclerosis:

Hypercholesterolemia

If an artery is occluded (blocked) in one or just a few areas, a treatment called ________ is used:

Angioplasty

For occluded coronary arteries, a much more invasive treatment known as _________________ may be needed.

Coronary Bypass Surgery

What are the two blood vessels typically used for a coronary bypass surgery?

Internal Thoracic Artery or the Great Saphenous Vein

A localized, abnormal dilation of a blood vessel:

Aneurysm

An _______ (AAA) is most often a consequence of atherosclerosis. Most abdominal aortic aneurysms develop between the level of the _______ arteries and the point near where the aorta bifurcates into the _________ arteries.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Renal, Common Illiac

To repair abdominal aneurysms, _______ can be inserted through an incision in the _______ artery, positioned in the area of the aneurysm using x-ray guidance, and then expanded to reinforce the weakened and dilated area of the aortic wall.

Stent Graft, Femoral

A weak area in a cerebral blood vessel that balloons out and fills with blood:

Berry Aneurysm

Two other names for a Berry Aneurysm:

Cerebral Aneurysm

Saccular Aneurysm

All cerebral aneurysms have the potential to rupture and cause bleeding within the brain, which can cause serious complications such as:

Hemorrhagic Stroke, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Nerve damage, death

Treatment of the aneurysm typically involves using ______, clamps, or other materials to repair the ruptured site.

Sutures

In some infants (especially premature infants), the ductus arteriosus fails to constrict and close after birth. This is called:

Patent Ductus Anteriosus

This patent (open) ductus arteriosus occurs in about _________ births.

8/10,000 births

Because circulating chemicals called ___________ help keep the ductus arteriosus open during fetal life, the first form of treatment for a patent ductus arteriosus is __________________.

Prostaglandins, Prostaglandin-Inhibiting Medication

“WHATS THAT NOISE IN HER” ARTICLE—

What was the doctor hearing pulsating with the womens heartbeat?

Machinery Murmurs

“WHATS THAT NOISE IN HER” ARTICLE—

What problem did the doctor have with her left ear?

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

“WHATS THAT NOISE IN HER” ARTICLE—

What nerve was damaged in the doctors ear?

Acoustic Nerve

“WHATS THAT NOISE IN HER” ARTICLE—

What is the noise made by a trubulent flow in a narrowed vessel called?

Bruit

“WHATS THAT NOISE IN HER” ARTICLE—

What did the women end up having behind her right ear?

Arteriovenous Malformation AVM

“WHATS THAT NOISE IN HER” ARTICLE—

The most common wat that Arteriovenous Malformations are discovered:

Stroke

“WHATS THAT NOISE IN HER” ARTICLE—

Neuroradiologists threaded a ________ up into the vessel feeding blood to the malformed network. Once postitioned properly, a _______ was threaded into the feeder vessel, causing it to clot off.

Catheter, Metallic Coil

“WHATS THAT NOISE IN HER” ARTICLE—

A complex tangle of abnormal arteries and veins, commonly located in the brain:

Arteriovenous Malformations

“AGAINST THE MIGRAINE” ARTICLE—

PFO’s can cause what condition in the brain:

Stroke

“AGAINST THE MIGRAINE” ARTICLE—

Scuba divers who have PFO’s are unusually susceptible to:

Decompression Sickness

“AGAINST THE MIGRAINE” ARTICLE—

PFO surgeries today can now be done by making an incision through:

The Groin

“AGAINST THE MIGRAINE” ARTICLE—

PFO’s can possibly cure:

Migraines

“AGAINST THE MIGRAINE” ARTICLE—

Sensory signals that can occur before a migraine:

Auras

“AGAINST THE MIGRAINE” ARTICLE—

What % of people experience migraines in US?

12%, women make up ¾ of that group!

“AGAINST THE MIGRAINE” ARTICLE—

Drug advertized as a migraine therapy:

Topiramate or TOPOMAX