Anatomy Final

study for the finals

The most important function of the skin is

protection

Which of these is NOT a function of your skin?

holds the bones of the skeleton together

The top layer of the epidermis is made of

flat, dead cells

What happens when the keratin-producing cells of the skin die?

 A waterproof coating is formed.  

Which of these skin cancers is (are) most likely to spread to other parts of the body without early treatment?

melanoma

Which of the following is NOT a potential sign of skin cancer?

 a pimple that lasts more than 2 days

A fibrous substance in the dermis that gives skin strength and keeps skin hydrated.  

collagen

A waxy substance, secreted by sebaceous glands, that contributes to the waterproofing of the skin and hair

sebum

Which nutrient helps maintain strong bones and is created through a series of reactions that occur when sunlight interacts with a chemical in the skin.  

Vitamin D

Name of the glands in the dermis that make and secrete sweat that contains proteins and fatty acids. 

eccrine

If a person breaks out into “hives,” what exactly is happening?

Fluid from blood vessels is oozing into surrounding tissues and causing swelling.   

An example of an injury to the axial skeleton is a

hockey player with a broken rib

Which joint is involved in lifting your arms above your head?

ball and socket

Which joint is involved in kicking a soccer ball

hinge joint

What connects bone to bone?

ligaments

Why is cartilage important?

It acts as a cushion (shock absorber) between bones and protects them as they move against each other. 

The basic types of tissue in the human body are

muscle, nervous, connective, and epithelial

Which sensory receptor is associated with hearing, balance/equilibrium, and touch

mechanoreceptor

What type of tough connective tissue joins skeletal muscles to bones?

tendons

Which system coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment?

nervous system

Cells of the nervous system that transmit electrical signals to various organs in the body are called

neurons

When you swat a fly, which type of neuron stimulates your arm to move?

motor neuron

The hands are ? to the elbows

distal

The skull is ? to the sternum.

superior

Blood cells are produced where?

red bone marrow

Which is the correct order of hierarchy involving body organization?

 atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

The mechanism a cell uses to bring substances into or out of it when that transport requires energy.

active transport

Which body cavity houses the lungs and heart?

thoracic

Your chin is _?_ to your nose.

inferior

In regards to direction, your heart is _?_ in comparison to your arms.

medial

Which of the following is not a function of a cell? 

Building organs

The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton.

axial

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________.

store adipose (fat) tissue

The cell that is responsible for basic bone formation is _______

osteoblast

The sternum is an example of this type of bone: 

Flat

1. Hinge Joint

2. Saddle Joint

3. Ball and Socket Joint

4. Condyloid Joint

5. Planar Joint

1. knee

2. Thumb

3. Shoulder

4. Metatarsal/Phalange

5. carpals

Lateral curvature of the spine is called _________. 

scoliosis

function(s) of the skeletal system:

1. points of attachment for muscles

2. protect & support softer tissues

3. store inorganic salts

4. house blood-producing cells

5. form passageways for blood vessels & nerves

The process of bone formation is known as ________.

ossification

Integumentary

• largest organ

• gives skin and hair color

• protection

Skeletal

• scoliosis

• posture

• height

Muscular

• attaches to bones

• fibromyalgia

• movement

all 3 maintain homeostasis

1. flexion

2. abduction

3. extension

4. adduction

1. decreases the angle of the joint

2. movement of a limb away from the midline

3. increases the angle between two bones

4. movement of a limb toward the midline

Which of the following are characteristic of skeletal muscles? (select all that apply)

1. striated

2. multi-nucleated

3. voluntary

4. controlled by motor neurons

5. contain sarcomeres

6. contain sarcomeres

skeletal

• found attached to bones

• voluntary

• striated

cardiac muscle

• found in heart

• involuntary

• striated

smooth

• found in organs like the stomach

• involuntary

• non striated

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal-muscular system?

• produce body heat

• body movements

• provide support to the body to maintain posture

A muscle exercised strenuously for a prolonged period may lose its ability to contract in a condition called (hint: you have probably heard of this even before this class...)

fatigue

A sports physiologist was monitoring athletes to determine at which point their muscles began to work under anaerobic conditions. The best way to test for this would be to check for a buildup of

lactic acid

Which of the following structures transmits nerve impulses between the brain and most motor and sensory neurons?

spinal cord

Two parts that make up the Central Nervous System are:

• spinal cord

• brain

The peripheral nervous system consists of:

spinal and cranial nerves

What part of the ear contains the ear bones?

Middle

The peripheral nervous system is divided into:

• autonomic

• somatic

The phrase "fight or flight" comes from the control in the :

sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system? 

Support

Sympathetic NS

• increases breathing

• dilates pupils

Parasympathetic NS

• increases digestion,

• decreases heart rate

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as:

hormones

1. Pituitary gland

2. Thyroid gland

3. Adrenal glands

4. Testes

5. Pineal gland

6. Thymus

7. Pancreas

8. Ovaries

1. growth hormone (GH)

2. thyroxines

3. adrenaline

4. testosterone

5. melatonin

6. thymosins

7. insulin

8. estrogen

Which organ is part of the digestive and the endocrine system?

pancreas

The endocrine system is ________.

a group of organs and tissues that release chemical messages to the blood stream

Insulin causes:

a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose

Which part of the brain controls conscious thought, voluntary movement, sensory perception

cerebrum

Which lobe of the brain controls reasoning, planning, problem solving, speech attention, focus.

frontal lobe

Which lobe of the brain involves perceiving objects in space, understanding symbols and numbers, integrating sensory information

parietal lobe

Which lobe of the brain processes memories and sounds of spoken language

temporal lobe

Which lobe of the brain controls visual input and processing, putting images together, seeing movement

occipital lobe

Which part of the brain contributes to emotional processing and controls many autonomic functions  

hypothalamus

Which of these bones is NOT a long bone found in the leg or foot?

patella