CLIBACLEC CH 22 FINALS HIGH YIELD

Obligate anaerobe

Grows only without oxygen

Facultative anaerobe

Grows with or without oxygen

Aerotolerant anaerobe

Tolerates oxygen but does not use it

Capnophile

Requires increased CO2

Hydroxyl radical

Most toxic oxygen radical

Catalase

Breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Superoxide dismutase

Converts superoxide radicals

Thioglycollate

Reduces oxygen in media

Cysteine

Reducing agent in anaerobic culture

C. perfringens

Most common cause of gas gangrene

C. tetani

Causes tetanus (lockjaw)

C. botulinum

Causes botulism (paralysis from toxin)

C. difficile

Causes pseudomembranous colitis

C. septicum

Marker for GI malignancy

Botulinum toxin

Blocks acetylcholine release

Tetanospasmin

Blocks neurotransmitter release

α-toxin

Causes tissue necrosis (gas gangrene)

Trismus

Lockjaw in tetanus

Risus sardonicus

Distorted grin in tetanus

Sulfur granules

Actinomycosis finding

Actinomyces israelii

Most common cause of actinomycosis

Lactobacillus

Dominant normal vaginal flora

Mobiluncus

Bacterial vaginosis organism

Bacteroides fragilis

Most common anaerobic isolate

Prevotella

Grows on KVLB, not BBE

Porphyromonas

Brick-red fluorescence under UV

Fusobacterium

Long fusiform rods

Finegoldia magna

Most pathogenic anaerobic coccus

Veillonella parvula

Only gram-negative anaerobic coccus

BBE agar

Bacteroides selective medium

KVLB agar

Prevotella growth medium

CCFA

C. difficile isolation medium

Aspirate

Best specimen for anaerobes

Swab

Unacceptable for anaerobic culture

PRAS medium

Oxygen-free transport system

C. difficile toxin A

Enterotoxin (diarrhea)

C. difficile toxin B

Cytotoxin (tissue damage)

Gas gangrene

Myonecrosis caused by C. perfringens

Pseudomembranous colitis

C. difficile disease

Molar tooth colonies

Actinomyces

Fish-eye appearance

Bilophila wadsworthia

Barnyard odor

C. difficile

Fusiform rods

Fusobacterium

Cell culture cytotoxicity test

Gold standard for C. difficile