chemistry weewooweewoo

year 10 chemistry because yey

acids

ionic compounds with hydrogen

bases

an ionic compound which includes hydroxide

lithium

metal with the highest reactivity

gold

metal with the lowest reactivity

mass number

protons + neutrons

atomic number

number of protons in an atom. defines the element.

isotopes

different number of neutrons but same number of protons and electrons.

ions

the same element but different number of electrons. either positively or negatively charged.

\+1

group 1 charge

\+2

group 2 charge

\+3

group 13 charge

\+/-4

group 14 charge

\-3

group 15 charge

\-2

group 16 charge

\-1

group 17 charge

0

group 18 charge

group 1

which group is the alkali metals?

group 2

which group is the alkaline earth metals?

group 17

which group is the halogens?

group 18

which group is the noble gases?

francium

which element has the largest atomic radius?

fluorine

which element has the highest electronegativity?

helium

which element has the highest ionisation energy?

ionisation energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. increases up group and across a period.

electronegativity

ability of an atom to attract electrons from another atom to itself. increases up a group and across a period.

bonding

when an atom combines with another atom to have all of their valence shells filled with electrons. this makes the atom more stable

cations

positively charged atoms that lost electron(s)

anions

negatively charged atoms that gained electron(s)

ionic bonds

forms when a metal reacts with a non-metal. have high melting and boiling points.

covalent bonds

when non-metals combine with other non-metals. they combine by sharing electrons.

covalent naming

uses prefixes to convey how many of that atom are in the bond (mono, di, tri, etc.) and use the ending -ide

metallic bonding

metal + metal. atoms move freely in these bonds. have high melting and boiling points, good electrical conduction, and is malleable and ductile.

neutralisation

acid + base = salt + water

acid/metal

salt + hydrogen gas

acid/carbonate

salt + water + carbon dioxide

oxidation

metal + oxygen gas = metal oxide

combustion

fuel + oxygen gas = carbon dioxide + water

decomposition

metal carbonate = metal oxide + carbon dioxide

displacement reaction

when a metal has a higher reactivity than a metal already in a compound. the metal with higher reactivity will replace the original.

francium

most metallic element

fluorine

least metallic element

magnesium to lead

what is the range of metals that will react with acids?

they lose electrons

how do atoms become cations

they gain electrons

how do atoms become anions

precipitation

AB(aq) + CD(aq) = AD(s) + CB(aq)

collide

reactants particles must ______ with eachother

orientation

needed to collide correctly

energy

collision theory needs sufficient ______ to work

breaking of bonds

a successful collision will result in the _________

rate of chemical reaction

frequency of successful collisions between reactant particles.

faster reaction rate

more surface area, concentration, a catalyst involved, higher temperature

activation energy

energy needed to create a reaction

instantaneous rate

particular moment measured for a particular point

average rate

particular time frame