AP U.S. HISTORY 2024 FALL MIDTERM REVIEW

Joint Stock Companies

Businesses formed by groups of investors to share the profits and risks of colonization.

Three Colonial Regions

The three colonial regions are New England, Middle, and Southern colonies, differing in climate, economy, and social structure.

Mayflower Compact

A governance agreement signed by the Pilgrims in 1620, establishing self-government in the Plymouth Colony.

John Winthrop - City Upon a Hill

A phrase encapsulating Winthrop’s vision for the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a model of Christian charity and governance.

Roger Williams

Founder of Rhode Island, advocating for religious freedom and separation of church and state.

Indentured Servants in Colonial America

Individuals who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America and eventual freedom.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A 1676 revolt in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against frontier policies and elite governance.

Shay’s Rebellion

An armed uprising in 1786-87 by Massachusetts farmers protesting economic injustices.

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 protest against the federal excise tax on whiskey, highlighting tensions over federal authority.

Republican Motherhood

The idea that women played an important role in teaching republican values to future generations.

Religion in Colonial America - Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals in the 1730s and 1740s emphasizing personal faith and emotional experiences.

John Peter Zenger

A newspaper publisher whose trial in 1735 established the precedent for freedom of the press.

The French and Indian War

A war from 1754-1763 between Britain and France in North America, leading to British debt and colonial taxation.

Thomas Paine

Author of 'Common Sense,' advocating for independence from Britain and republicanism.

Common Sense

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine published in 1776 that made a strong case for American independence.

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Groups formed to resist British policies and support independence through protests and boycotts.

Declaration of Independence

The 1776 document declaring the American colonies free from British rule.

Saratoga and Yorktown

Key battles during the American Revolution; Saratoga was a turning point, Yorktown led to British surrender.

Treaty of Paris, 1783

The agreement ending the American Revolutionary War, recognizing the independence of the United States.

Articles of Confederation: Strengths and Weaknesses

The first U.S. constitution that established a weak central government, with strengths in state autonomy but weaknesses in authority.

Land and Northwest Ordinances

Laws that established a method for admitting new states and the governance of the Northwest Territory.

Constitutional Convention/Compromises/Accomplishments

The 1787 gathering to draft the U.S. Constitution, resulting in key compromises like the Great Compromise and the 3/5 Compromise.

Anti-Federalist and Federalist Arguments concerning the Constitution

Debates surrounding the ratification of the Constitution, with Federalists supporting a strong national government and Anti-Federalists advocating for states’ rights.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing individual rights and liberties.

Washington’s cabinet

The group of advisors appointed by President Washington to assist with executive decisions.

Federalist Party

A political party founded in the early 1790s advocating for a strong national government and commercial economy.

Washington Administration: Accomplishments, Challenges and Farewell Address

Washington's presidency marked key achievements, including the establishment of protocols, and issuing warnings against political factions.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws passed in 1798 restricting immigration and limiting speech against the government.

Jefferson’s Administration (Political Beliefs)

Led by Thomas Jefferson promoting agrarianism, states' rights, and strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Marbury vs. Madison

The landmark Supreme Court case establishing the principle of judicial review.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. policy declared in 1823 opposing European colonialism in the Americas.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of French territory, doubling the size of the United States.

War Hawks

Members of Congress who advocated for war against Britain in 1812, driven by nationalistic fervor.

The American System

An economic plan promoting federal funding for infrastructure to foster national economic growth.

Missouri Compromise

An 1820 agreement balancing slave and free states to maintain political equilibrium in Congress.

Era of Good Feelings

A period of national unity and political cooperation in the U.S. following the War of 1812.

Harriet Tubman

An abolitionist and political activist known for her role in the Underground Railroad.

The expansion of 'King Cotton'

The rise of cotton as the dominant cash crop that fueled the Southern economy in the 19th century.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in 1848, advocating for women's suffrage and equality.

Immigrants of the Antebellum Period

Individuals arriving in the U.S. before the Civil War, contributing to cultural and economic growth.

Election of 1824

A contentious presidential election decided by the House of Representatives, leading to accusations of a 'corrupt bargain'.

Tariff of 1828

A high protective tariff that infuriated Southern states, leading to the Nullification Crisis.

Worcester v. Georgia

A Supreme Court case affirming the sovereignty of Native American nations and limiting state power over them.