APUSH Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights

Personal, human rights recognized and guaranteed by the U.S Constitution.

Segregation

the process of dividing and separating people because of their races and/or religion

Plessy V. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Brown vs. Board of Education

1954 - court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Ruby Bridges

The first African-American girl to go to a white school; she had to have a police escort to get to and from school in New Orleans during integration

Emmitt Till

a black teenager who lived in Chicago, he was killed in Mississippi for whistling at a white woman, his death is said to be the jump-start for the American Civil Rights Movement

Little Rock Nine

first black students to attend a school forced to integrate in Little Rock, Arkansas. 1957

Desegregate

To end the system of separating raes

Integration

the act of uniting or bringing together, especially people of different races

Rosa Parks

NAACP secretary who prompted the Montgomery Bus Boycott by refusing to give up her seat in 1955

Malcolm X

Black Muslim who argued for separation of the races, not integration. He changed his views, but was assassinated in 1965.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

a 1955 boycott that resulted in the integration of Montgomery, Alabama’s bus system

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Civil Rights Activist who preached a non-violent approach, leader of the civil rights movement

Civil Disobedience

Nonviolent protest or refusal to obey a law in an effort to change that law.

Soul Force

MLK’s idea of using peaceful non-violent disobedience to work for civil rights

Letter from Birmingham jail

1963, letter written by MLK from jail that defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism

March on Washington

1963 demonstration in which more than 200,000 people rallied for economic equality and civil rights

Selma

beginning city of a march led by MLK demanding voting rights. Was met with violence on national TV.

Voting Rights Act of 1964

gave the federal government the power to prevent discrimination on voting rights (1964)

13th Amendment (1865)

abolishes and prohibits slavery except for the reason of punishment.

Convict Lease System

blacks who went to prison taken out and used for labor in slave-like conditions, enforced southern racial hierarchy

Sharecropping System

Poor people (blacks and some whites) became virtual slaves to the soil and to the creditors.

14th Amendment

citizenship, due process, equal protection

15 amendment

Amendment that extended suffrage to all races.

24th Amendment (1964)

abolishes poll taxes