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Typography
The art of designing the parts of letters in a language to enhance reading experience.
Johannes Gutenberg
Inventor of the printing press in 1440, believed it could replace handwritten books.
Blackletter Typefaces
The typefaces invented by Johannes Gutenberg, characterized by their thick strokes.
Nicolas Johnson
Noted the space blackletter typefaces occupy and created the first Roman typeface.
Roman Typeface
A typeface similar to blackletter but with less thickness, allowing for shorter books.
Jenson Roman
The first font based on typographic principles rather than manuscript models.
Italic Typeface
Created by Aldus Manutius and Francesco Griffo in 1501, still in use today.
Old Style Font
Created by William Caslon in 1734, mimicking handwriting and saving space on pages.
Transitional Typefaces
Developed by John Baskerville in 1757, featuring more contrast than old style type.
Modern Roman Typefaces
First appeared in 1780, including Bodoni and Didot.
Antique Font/Egyptian
Designed by Vincent Figgins in 1815, characterized by its boldness.
Sans Serif Font
The first created by William Caslon IV, lacking the small tags of serif fonts.
Johnston Typeface
An iconic sans-serif typeface created by Edward Johnson for the London Underground in 1916.
Goudy and Copperplate Gothic
Fonts created by Frederic Goudy, the first full-time designer in 1920.
Helvetica
A minimalistic modern sans-serif typeface created by Max Miedinger in 1957.
Digi Grotesk
The first digital typeface designed by Rudolf Hell in 1968, known for its geometric style.
Outline Fonts
Created in 1974, these fonts were more geometric in design.
True Type Fonts
Developed in the late 1980s, allowing for scalable fonts across different systems.
Open Type Fonts
Introduced in 1997, these fonts are universal for all computers and were created by Apple.
CSS
Created for font styling, allowing for more control over typography on web pages.
WOFF
Web Open Font Format invented in 2009, enabling the creation of digital fonts.
Forensic Font Experts
Specialists who use science to analyze fonts in legal contexts.
Self Checkout
Introduced in the 1980s, its popularity declined post-COVID-19, with many stores removing it.
Barcode
A visual data representation invented by Bernard Silver and Joseph Woodland in the 1960s.
Amazon Go
A store concept by Amazon that automatically charges customers for items taken.
QR Codes
Two-dimensional barcodes designed to direct phones to specific URLs.