Chapter 12 HUN Part 2

What percentage of body weight is water?

60% of body weight.

What are the two main compartments where water is found in the body?

Intracellular (inside cells) and Extracellular (outside cells).

What is the primary function of water in the body?

Carries nutrients and waste products.

What are cations and anions?

Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions.

What hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood volume and blood pressure?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).

What is the AI for water intake for men and women?

3.7 L/day for men and 2.7 L/day for women.

What can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances?

Medication, prolonged vomiting and diarrhea, heavy sweating, severe burns, and traumatic wounds.

What are the signs of dehydration?

Intake is less than loss.

What is water intoxication?

Intake greater than output, leading to excessive water relative to sodium.

What are major minerals?

Minerals required in amounts greater than 100 mg/day.

What is bioavailability?

The degree to which nutrients can be absorbed and utilized by the body.

How can dehydration affect the body?

It can lead to tissue swelling and severe health issues like coma or death.

List the principal electrolytes in body fluids.

Sodium (+), Potassium (+), and Chloride (-).

What does Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) consist of?

½ liter of boiling water, 4 tsp sugar, and ½ tsp salt; cool before drinking.

What is the relationship between high doses of one mineral and the absorption of another?

High doses of one mineral may affect the absorption of another mineral.