Unit 1 APHUG

Absolute distance (1.0)

The distance between two points, communicated using precise quantitative units of measurement

Absolute Location (1.0)

The precise place where something can be found, often described using latitude and longitude coordinates.

Atlantic Centered (1.1)

A perspective that focuses on the Atlantic World and the interactions between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Cartogram (1.1)

A map where the sized of places are distorted in order to represent some specific statistic. A graphic combining the qualities of both a map and a graph.

Cartographic scale

The ratio between the distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the Earth's surface.

Census (1.3)

A comprehensive count and description of a population, typically conducted by a government, for a specific area (like a country or region) at a particular time.

Choropleth map (1.1)

Maps that use various colors, shades, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data

Clustered distribution (1.0)

A spatial pattern where elements are grouped closely together, rather than being spread out evenly.

Contiguity (1.4)

Places or areas that are connected to each other by sharing a border or being directly next to one another. In human geography, use this word when talking about contiguous countries, states, or territories—meaning they are physically touching without any breaks.

Conic Projection (1.1)

A map projection used primarily for regional mapping, as size and shape are preserved but direction is very distorted due to latitude lines converging only at one pole.

Data scale (scale of analysis)

The level at which geographical phenomena are examined, such as local, regional, national, or global.

Density (1.0)

How often or how much something occurs within a space

Dispersed distribution(1.0)

The spatial arrangement where features are spread out and relatively far apart, with little clustering or concentration.

Distance decay (1.0)

The theory that the interaction between two places decreases as the distance between then increases.

Dot distribution map (1.1)

A map showing the specific location and distribution of something using dots. Each dot represents a specific quantity.

Elevation (1.1)

The height of a location on Earth's surface, specifically the vertical distance above or below sea level.

Environmental determinism (1.5)

A philosophy that states that human behaviors and culture are direct result of the surrounding environment.

Equator (1.0)

An imaginary line of latitude circling the Earth at 0 degrees, dividing the planet into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Formal (uniform) region (1.2)

An area defined by official boundaries, that is created based on one or more shared characteristics.

Functional (nodal) region (1.2)

An area organized around a node or focal point and defined by an activity that occurs across the region

Geographic scale

A visual representation of the relationship between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the Earth's surface.

GIS (1.0)

Geographic Information System - A computer system that captures, stores, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

Globalization

The spread of businesses, products, people and ideas around the world.

GPS (1.0)

Global Positioning System - The system that determines the precise location of something on Earth using satellites and receivers.

Graduated symbol/Proportional symbol map (1.1)

A map that uses symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something. Larger symbols indicate more of something, and smaller symbols indicate less.

Gravity Model (1.4)

The gravity model in human geography is a way to predict how people, goods, or ideas move between two places. It says that bigger places attract more movement, and closer places are more connected.

International date line (1.0)

An imaginary line on the Earth's surface, primarily following the 180° longitude, that demarcates the boundary between one calendar day and the next.

Interrupted projection (1.1)

A map where the globe is split or "interrupted" along certain lines to minimize distortion when representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface.

Isoline map/Isopleth map (1.1)

A map that uses lines that connect points of equal distance to depict variations in data. The distance between the lines indicates a change.

Isochrone Maps (1.1)

Maps that show all reachable locations within a specified limit by a specified mode of transport.

Latitude (1.0)

The distance north or south of the Equator (The imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between the north and south poles that marks 0 degrees)

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) (1.3)

Remote sensing method used to examine the surface of the Earth by using light (a pulsed laser) to measure variable distances to the Earth and generate precise, three-dimensional information about the shape of the Earth and its surface characteristics.

Locator Maps (1.1)

Illustrations used in books and advertising to show specific locations mentioned in the text.

Longitude (1.0)

The distance east or west of the Prime Meridian (Imaginary line that runs from pole to pole through Greenwich, England, which marks 0 degrees)

Map distortion (1.1)

The inaccuracies that occur when representing the Earth's curved surface on a flat map.

Map projection (1.1)

The process of showing a curved surface on a flat surface.

Map scale (1.0)

The ratio between the size of things in the real world and the size of things on a map.

Mercator Projection (1.1)

A map projection used primarily for navigation that accurately depicts direction and the shape of land masses near the equator. The size of land masses is distorted.

Meridian (1.0)

An imaginary north-south line on the Earth's surface connecting the North and South Poles, used to define longitude.

Natural Resources (1.5)

Materials from nature that have value to humans and can be used to meet their needs.

Pacific Centered (1.1)

A map projection that places the Pacific Ocean at the center of the map, with a focus on Asia, Oceania, and the Pacific Rim.

Perceptual (vernacular) region (1.2)

An area defined by people's subjective perceptions, beliefs, and cultural identity rather than by objective data or formal boundaries.

Periphery (1.4)

Itefers to the less developed, less powerful, and often poorer regions of the world or a country. These places are often dependent on or influenced by the wealthier and more powerful areas, which called the core.

Peters Projection (1.1)

A map of projections that depicts the size of land masses accurately and is best used for illustrating spatial distribution. The shape of land masses is distorted, especially near the poles.

Plat Map (1.1)

A map that shows property lines and details of land ownership.

Physical Maps (1.1)

A map that primarily focuses on displaying the natural features of a region, such as mountains, rivers, deserts, and other landforms.

Polar projections (1.1)

A map projection that displays the Earth from the perspective of either the North or South Pole.

Political Maps (1.1)

A map that shows human-created boundaries and designations like countries, states, cities, and capitals.

Possibilism

The theory that the environmental condition of a place can limits its culture, but that culture is primarily determined by social conditions.

Prime Meridian (1.0)

The line of 0 degrees longitude, dividing the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

Proximity (1.4)

How close or near something is to something else. In human geography, studying proximity to understand how distance influences human behavior, decision-making, and relationships between places.

Qualitative data (1.0)

Humanistic data that is not represented as a statistic and is collected through means such as interviews, surveys, or observation.

Quantitative data (1.0)

Data associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques.

Reference Map (1.1)

A map designed for people to refer to for general information about places

Region (1.2)

An area defined by one or more traits, characteristics, or features that make is different from surrounding areas.

Relative distance (1.0)

Distance measured using metrics like time, effort, or cost.

Relative location (1.0)

The description of where something is in relation to something else.

Remote sensing (1.0)

The process of capturing images of Earth's surface from the air, using things like satellites or planes.

Renewable Resources (1.5)

Resources that can be used repeatedly because they will be replaced.

Road Maps (1.1)

A map that shows highways, streets, and alleys.

Robinson Projection (compromise projection) (1.1)

A map projection most commonly used for education or display purposes that has no glaring distortion, but area, shape, size, and direction are all slightly distorted.

Satellite Navagation Systems (1.3)

A network of orbiting satellites to provide autonomous geopositioning information to receivers on or near the Earth's surface.

Scale of Analysis (1.1)

The level at which data in a map is displayed.

Site (1.0)

The physical character of a place (combination of physical features like climate, water sources, vegetation, and elevation that help give a place a distinct character)

Situation (1.0)

Where something is located relative to its surrounding features.

Sustainability (1.5)

Use of Earth's resources in ways that ensure their availability for future generations to use.

Spatial patterns (1.0)

The arrangement and distribution of phenomena across the Earth's surface; patterns that are not random, but organized and can be analyzed to understand relationships between different locations and their characteristics.

Thematic Map (1.1)

Maps that show spatial aspects of information or a type of phenomenon.

Time-space compression (1.0)

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distance place, as the result of improved communication and transportation technologies.

Topographic Map (1.1)

A map that uses contour lines to represent the three-dimensional shape and elevation of the Earth's surface, along with other natural and man-made features.

Toponyms (1.0)

The name given to a place on Earth.

Vernacular Region (1.2)

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. Boundaries vary widely because people have a different sense of what defies and unites this type of region.

Winkel Projection (1.1)

A compromise map projection designed to minimize distortion in area, direction, and distance when representing the Earth on a flat surface. The relative sizes of the landmasses on the map are the same as in reality.