Digestive System Quiz

Chemical digestion

Enzymes, hydrolysis, stomach acid, bile

Types of teeth

Incisors, cuspids/canines/ bicuspids, molars

Parotid gland

salivary gland near ear and cheek

Submandibular gland

salivary gland below jaw

sublingual gland

salivary gland under tongue

3 salivary glands

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

amaylase

breaks starches down to sugars

epiglottis

flap between trachea and esophagus

esophageal hiatus

penetrates diaphragm

esophageal (cardiac) sphincter

located at entrance of stomach

peristalsis

muscle contractions that push food down

stomach muscles

longitudinal, circular, oblique

4 regions of the stomach

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

Pyloric sphincter

between stomach and duodenum, separates farts from burps

chyme

digested food that is released into duodenum via pyloric sphincter valve

Pancreas

secretes insulin which breaks down sugar

Pancreatic juice breaks what down

sugars and fats

Which side of the liver is smaller

left lobe

The liver has how many lobes

1 large right, 1 smaller left lobe

Liver functions

blood glucose levels, breakdown of lipids and fats, protein metabolism, stores vitamins, destroys damaged RBCS, removes toxins, secretes bile

secretes bile

liver

Where does the gallbladder send bile

down cystic duct to common bile duct into the duodenum

parts of the small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

membrane that holds intestines together

mesentery

layers of the gastrointestinal canal

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

mucosa layer function

protects tissues, carries absorption

submucosa layer function

glands, blood vessels, nerves

muscularis layer function

smooth muscle tissue, carries peristalsis

serosa layer function

visceral peritoneum, outermost layer, serous fluid lubricates

greater omentum

layer of fat that covered the intestines

food stays in the small intestines for

3-6h

Parts of large intestines

appendix, cecum, colom, rectum, anus

4 parts of colon

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

large intestine functions

secretes mucus, reabsorbs water, contains digestive bacteria

Food stays in the large intestine for

30-40h

calories in a pound

3,500cals

lactose intolerance

small intestine does not produce enough lactase

What does GERD stand for

gestroesophageal disease

GERD

stomach contents leak back into esophagus causing heartburn, sore throat

Dysentery

inflammation of colon causes bloody diarrhea

Crohn’s disease

body cannot differentiate normal body tissue and foreign substances causing overactive immune system and chronic inflammation

Ulcerative colitis

inflammation throughout large intestine

Hepatitis A

consumption of food with HAV (feces contamination), fast recovery

Hepatitis B

STD caused by virus HBV, longer recovery, sometimes lifelong/chronic

Hepatitis C

STD caused by HCV, causes severe and chronic liver swelling, damage and cirrhosis

Stomach ulcers

Sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Gallstones

clumps of cholesterol and other materials found in bile

Hernia

intestines poke through abdominal muscles or diaphragm

Celiac disease

respond stop gluten by destroying/damaging villi of small intestine