Other non blood samples

feces

Routine fecal examination includes macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical analyses for the early detection of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, liver and biliary duct disorders, maldigestion/malabsorption syndromes, pancreatic diseases, inflammation, and causes of diarrhea and steatorrhea

occult blood

has a high positive predictive value for detecting colorectal cancer in the early stages

guaiac based fecal occult blood test

most frequently used screening test for fecal blood

guaiac based fecal occult blood test

based on detecting the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

steatorrhea

Absence of bile salts that assist pancreatic lipase in the breakdown and subsequent reabsorption of dietary fat (triglycerides) produces an increase in stool fat

cerebrospinal fluid

major fluid in the body

cerebrospinal fluid

provides a physiologic system to supply nutrients to the nervous tissue, remove metabolic wastes, and produce a mechanical barrier to cushion the brain and spinal cord against trauma

cerebrospinal fluid

is produced in the choroid plexuses of the two lumbar ventricles and the third and fourth ventricles

20 ml

how many cerebrospinal fluid is produced every hour in adults?

90 to 150 ml

the body maintains of how many volumes of cerebrospinal fluid in adults?

10 to 60 ml

the body maintains of how many volumes of cerebrospinal fluid in neonates?

xanthochromia

used to describe CSF supernatant that is pink, orange, or yellow.

semen

is composed of four fractions that are contributed by the testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

semen

normal sperm has an oval-shaped head approximately 5 µm long and 3 µm wide and a long, flagellar tail approximately 45 µm long

semen

it contains a head, neckpiece, midpiece, and tail

semen

collected and tested to evaluate fertility and postvasectomy.

37 degrees

the semen sample should be kept at what temperature?

7.2 to 8.0

what is the ph of a semen?

synovial fluid

joint fluid, is a viscous liquid found in the cavities of the movable joints (diarthroses) or synovial joints

synovial fluid

clear, pale-yellow, viscous fluid that lubricates and decreases friction in movable joints

synovial fluid

normally occurs in small amounts but increases when inflammation is present

synovial fluid

to identify or differentiate arthritis, gout, and other inflammatory conditions

arthrocentesis

Synovial fluid is collected by needle aspiration called ????

egg white

Normal viscous synovial fluid resembles ????

edta, heparin tube

for cell counts, identification of crystals, and Smear preparation

strile tube

for culture and sensitivity

non additive tube

for macroscopic appearance, and immunology tests and to observe clot formation

serous fluid

it provides lubrication between the parietal and visceral membranes

pleural fluid

aspirated from the pleural space, or cavity, surrounding the lungs

peritoneal fluid

aspirated from the abdominal cavity

pericardial fluid

aspirated from the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart

serous fluid

pale-yellow, watery, serum-like fluid found between the double- layered membranes enclosing the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities

serous fluid

lubricates the membranes and allows them to slide past one another with minimal friction.

serous fluid

normally present in small amounts, but volumes increase when inflammation or infection is present or when serum protein levels decrease.

less than 100 ml

how many ml is collected in serous fluid?

amniotic fluid

is present in the amnion, a membranous sac that surrounds the fetus

amniotic fluid

provides a protective cushion for the fetus, allow fetal movement, stabilize the temperature to protect the fetus from extreme temperature changes, and permit proper lung development.

amniotic fluid

can be analyzed to detect genetic disorders such as Down’s syndrome, identify hemolytic disease resulting from blood incompatibility between the mother and fetus, and determine gestational age

amniocentesis

Amniotic fluid is obtained by needle aspiration into the amniotic sac, a procedure called ????