Reference Ranges and Calculations for BOC 2026

Sodium

136 - 145 mmol/L

Potassium

3.5 - 5.1 mmol/L

Chloride

98 - 107 mmol/L

Total CO2

22-33 mmol/L

Creatinine

0.8-1.2 mg/dl

SI units: 71-106 umol/L

BUN

6-20 mg/dl

SI: 2.1-7.1 mmol/L

Glucose (fasting)

74-100 mg/dl

SI: 4.1-5.6 mmol/L

Hemoglobin A1c

<5.7 %

SI: <39 mmol/mol

Haptoglobin

30-200 mg/dl

SI: 0.3-2.0 g/dl

Arterial Blood Gas - pH

7.35 - 7.45

Arterial Blood Gas - pCO2

35 - 44 mmHg

SI: 4.7-5.9 kPa

Arterial Blood Gas - pO2

>80 mmHg

SI: >10.6 kPa

Arterial Blood Gas - O2 saturation

>95%

Arterial blood gas - HCO3 (Bicarbonate)

23-29 mmol/L

RBC

4.00 - 6.00 x 10^6/uL

or 10^12/L

Hemoglobin

12.0 - 18.0 g/dl

Hematocrit

35-50%

MCV

76-100 fL

MCH

26 - 34 pg

MCHC

32 - 36 g/dl

RDW

11.5 - 14.5%

Reticulocytes - absolute and relative

absolute: 20 - 115 x 10^3/uL

relative: 0.5-2.5 %

nRBCs

0 nRBC per 100 WBCs counted

Platelets

150 - 450 x 10^3/uL

WBCs (total)

3.6 - 10.6 x 10^3/uL

Neutrophils - absolute and relative

absolute: 1.7 - 7.5 x 10^3/ul

relative: 50-70%

Lymphocytes - absolute and relative

absolute: 1.0 - 3.2 x 10^3/ul

relative: 18-42%

Monocytes - absolute and relative

absolute: 0.1 - 1.3 x 10^3/uL

relative: 2 - 11%

Eosinophils - absolute and relative

absolute: 0 - 0.3 x 10^3/ul

relative: 1 - 3%

Basophils - absolute and relative

absolute: 0 - 0.2 x 10^3/ul

relative: 0 - 2%

CSF - WBC and RBCs

0 - 5 /ul

CSF - Glucose

50 - 80 mg/dl

SI: 2.8-4.4 mmol/L

CSF - Protein

15 - 45 mg/dl

SI: 150-450 mg/L

Seminal fluid - Liquefaction

30-60 minutes

Seminal fluid - WBC

< 1 x 10^6/mL

SI: < 1 x 10^9/L

Seminal fluid - Volume

2 - 5 mL

Seminal fluid - pH

7.2 - 8.0

Seminal fluid - motility

> 50% within 1 hour

Seminal fluid - Sperm Concentration

> 20 x 10^6/mL

Seminal fluid - morphology

> 30% normal forms

Urine - specific gravity

1.003 - 1.035

Urine - pH

4.5 - 8.0

Urine microscopic - RBCs

0-3 / hpf

Urine microscopic - WBCs

0-8/hpf

Urine microscopic - Casts

0-2 hyaline/LPF

Urine microscopic - Epithelial Cells

0-5/hpf

Calc - %Transferrin Saturation

(Serum Iron / TIBC) x 100

Calc- UIBC and TIBC

TIBC = UIBC + Serum Iron

UIBC = TIBC - Serum Iron

Calc- Fridewald Equation - LDL/non-HDL cholesterol

LDL = total cholesterol - HDL - (triglycerides / 5)

Calc - Creatinine clearance

(U / S) x (Vol(L) / time) x 1.73 / SA

Calc - Correct WBC count

(WBCs x 100) / (nRBC + 100)

Calc - Beers law

Absorbance = elc

e = molar absobivity

l = path length

c = concentration

Calc - MCV

(Hct / RBC) x 10

Calc- MCH

(Hgb / RBC) x 10

Calc - MCHC

(Hgb / Hct ) x 100

Calc - Absolute cell counts

total cells x %cells

Calc - Neubauer Hemocytometer

( avg cells counted x dil factor) / (squares counted x 0.1)