Year 10 Science - Chemistry: Atomic Structure

Flashcards covering subatomic particles, atomic notation, isotopes, Bohr's atomic model, and flame tests for Year 10 Chemistry.

Protons

Subatomic particles that have a positive charge $(+)$ and sit inside the nucleus.

Neutrons

Subatomic particles that have no charge (neutral) and sit inside the nucleus.

Electrons

Subatomic particles that have a negative charge $(-)$ and spin around the nucleus in electron shells.

Atomic number

The number of protons in an atom.

Mass number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Atomic symbol

The abbreviation used to represent an atom in chemical formulas.

Isotope

Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons (same atomic number but different mass number).

Bohr's Model electron capacity formula

The formula $2n^2$ used to determine the fixed maximum number of electrons each shell can hold.

Electron Configuration

A simple notation for elements that shows the distribution of electrons within specific shells or energy levels.

Excited state

A state achieved when atoms are heated and electrons absorb energy and jump to a higher energy level.

Ground state

The state to which electrons fall back after being in an excited state, emitting their absorbed energy as light.

Flame Test

An analytical procedure used by chemists to detect the presence of particular metal ions based on the colour of the flame produced.

Nucleus

The center of the atom containing protons and neutrons.

Electron shells

Orbitals or energy levels where electrons spin around the nucleus.