Petrochemical

Onsites

Process units

Offsites

Supporting units

Inorganic raw materials

Non-carbon containing materials like oxygen, water, and minerals

Organic raw materials

Fossil fuels and biomass, carbon-containing materials

Early uses of petroleum

Historical applications from medicinal uses to lamp fuels

Formation of crude oil

Origin from decayed plant and animal remains buried under rocks

Obtaining petroleum

Process of extracting petroleum from subterranean locations

Four principle fossil fuels resources

Oil shale, coal, crude oil, and natural gas

Different components of crude oil

Various products like liquefied petroleum gases, naptha, kerosene, and diesel

Conditions for fossil fuel generation

Organic matter, temperature, time, and pressure conditions

Types of operation in typical oil refinery

Categorization of products like volatile, light distillates, middle distillates, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, bitumens

Objectives of oil refining

Production of fuels for transportation and raw materials for the chemical industry

Steps of crude refining

Desalting, dehydration, fractional distillation

Purposes of complex processes in oil refinery

Meeting market requirements and refining crude oil properties

Purpose of extensive processing of crude oil

Obtaining products meeting performance and environmental standards