production - cow abdomen

liver abscessation (reason, result, diagnosis, prevention)

often due to poor transition diet management

causes reduced milk production, chronic ill thrift, fever, weight loss, intermittent anorexia

diagnosis usually at PM

prevent ruminal acidosis

fatty liver syndrome (cause, result, diagnosis, management)

due to poor transition diet management

reduced milk production, reduced appetite, lethargy

liver biopsy, history (NEB/lactation), usually on PM

ensure proper transition management (adequate DMI, optimal BC)

vagal indigestion (?, cause, CS, diagnosis, treatment)

= forestomach/abomasal dysfunction

can be due to traumatic reticuloperitonitis e.g. hardware disease

LEFT dorsal and RIGHT ventral distension, recurrent bloat, scant faces, decreased appetite (therefore decreased rumen motility)

CS + abdominal contour + TRP confirm
Treat primary cause e.g. magnet administration

acute ruminal tympany (cause, CS, diagnosis, prevention)

bloat = life threatening

sudden availability of highly digestable pastures, high concentrate diets
ACUTE LEFT dorsal and ventral distension, PING upper left "
acute CS and history
avoid with mixed feeding and gradual pasture introduction

causative factors for LSA, RDA and RTVA

increased concentrate and decreased DMI, NEB/metabolic disease = decreased intake

= decreased motility/altered fill = room to move/displace

management for LDA, RDA and RTVA prevention

transition diet management, avoid metabolic conditions that decrease DMI

LDA (CS, diagnosis)

fixed ping/tinkles 9-13th rib

CS similar to ketosis/has ketosis anyway

RDA

more serious than LDA as can progress to RTVA

fixed ping/tinkles 10-13th rib

more cranial

RTVA (CS)

torsion = shock = fatal

dramatic huge ping 8-PLF

KEY = huge ping + very sick cow = torsion until proven otherwise

abomasal ulceration types

1. non-performating - ulcer confined to mucosa, little/no clinical disease

2. ulceration causing significant haemorrhage - erodes a blood vessel, abomasal blood loss = anaemia + melena

3. perforating ulcer with localised peritonitis - petrate through full abomasal wall, leakage contained (omentum, fibrin adhesions)

4. perforating ulcer with diffuse peritonitis - leakage into abdominal cavity, septic peritonitis/systemic illness

as move 1→ 4 severity increases, appetite decreases, melena and anaemia increase

abomasal ulceration (cause, CS, management)

high concentrate diets, stress, transition disease

melena, anaemia, pain, decreased appetite, toxic signs

managed with good nutrition and decreased stress (which = no DMI disruptions)

haemorrhagic bowel syndrome (?, when, CS, diagnosis, prevention)

highly fatal and sporadic
transition period
sudden milk drop, anaemia, dark/scant faeces

CS + acute abdo in high producing dairy cow

unknown so hard to prevent → good transition management/prevent SARA

paralytic ileus (?, CS, diagnosis, prevention)

functional, non-mechanical failure of motility causing obstruction, often 2° systemic disease/inflammation e.g. hypocal, ketosis

no gut sounds, decreased/absent faeces, systemic illness more obvious than focal pain

distinguish from mechanical + history/metabolic/electrolyte patters

prevent primary disease e.g. hypocal via transition management

caecal torsion/dilation (?, cause, CS, RP, prevention)

gas/fluid accumulation = dilation = distension

anything causing decreased feed intake = motility impairment

large right ping, distention = PLF full, torsion = increased severity

rectal palpation of long cylindrical mass + CS

transition cow management, good diet + consistent feeding

pneumoperitoneum (?ping/RP)

bilateral ping in upper third of abdomen to dorsal midline

Rectum uniformly compressed on rectal palpation

omasopexy

surgical fixation of abomasum, usually via right flank approach where abdomen is secured to the body wall near the omasum.

standing = great abdominal exploration, preferred in sick cows
better for RDA/RTVA (more accessible)

pyloropexy

formation of permanent adhesion between the pyloric region of the abomasum and the abdominal wall, usually via ventral/right paramedian approach

dorsal recumbency, less abdominal exploration available, better in stable cows

very stable fixation for LDA