Inflammation and Repair

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on inflammation and tissue repair for exam preparation.

What is the primary focus of Robert Blair at the Tulane National Primate Research Center?

Infectious disease research, including diseases like HIV, COVID-19, Tuberculosis, and Lyme disease.

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function.

What is the process by which inflammatory reactions occur?

The 5 R's: Recognition, Recruitment, Removal, Regulation, and Repair.

How does acute inflammation generally differ from chronic inflammation in terms of cellular infiltrate?

Acute inflammation is mainly characterized by neutrophils, while chronic inflammation involves monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes.

What is the effect of tissue necrosis on inflammation?

Necrosis results in inflammation as components from damaged cells stimulate the inflammatory process.

What are the three major components of acute inflammation?

Dilation of blood vessels, increased permeability of blood vessels, and emigration of leukocytes.

What initiates the recognition of microbes or cell damage in inflammation?

Receptors for microbes (PAMPs) and sensors for cell damage (DAMPs) activate the inflammatory response.

What role do cytokines play in the resolution of acute inflammation?

Cytokines mediate the switch from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory processes.

What are the outcomes of acute inflammation?

Resolution, healing by fibrosis, or progression to chronic inflammation.

What is the primary role of macrophages in chronic inflammation?

Macrophages are the dominant cell type that secretes cytokines to amplify and propagate inflammation.

What leads to the formation of granulomatous inflammation?

Granulomatous inflammation is caused by persistent stimuli, such as chronic infections and specific immune responses.

What are the systemic effects of inflammation during the acute-phase response?

Fever, increase in acute-phase proteins, leukocytosis, hypotension, tachycardia, and malaise.

What is angiogenesis in the context of tissue repair?

The development of new blood vessels from existing vessels, essential for healing and repairing tissues.

Which growth factors stimulate endothelial cell proliferation during angiogenesis?

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factors (FGF).

How does repair occur in tissues incapable of regeneration?

By connective tissue deposition forming a scar.

What are the factors that influence tissue repair quality?

Infection, diabetes, nutrition, glucocorticoids, mechanical factors, poor perfusion, foreign bodies, and the severity of injury.