3) Bones

Compact bone: location, function, made by what?

• location: outside of spongy bone—-surrounded by periosteum

• made w/ osteons

• function: provide weight-bearing support

Spongy bone: location, function, made by what?

• location: inside compact bone

• contains bone marrow

• function: provides flexibility

label:

• yellow bone marrow

• proximal epiphysis

• spongy bone

• compact bone

• epiphyseal line

• diaphysis

• distal epiphysis

• endosteum

• articular cartilage

• blood vessel

• periosteum

• medullary cavity

4 types of bone fractures (1 extra) & how does it look like?

• Transverse = broken directing across (straight line)

• Oblique = straight line broken at an angle

• comminuted = broken into tiny pieces (most severe)

• Spiral = diagonal fracture that wraps around & through the bone’s axis

• Greenstick = partial, incomplete break where the bone bends and cracks on one side only

How are the bone fractures broken?

• Transverse = strong force applied perpendicular

• Oblique = sharp angled blow to the bone

• comminuted = high-energy, high-impact trauma, severe force

• Spiral = twisting force

• Greenstick = bone bends and cracks

• parietal bone

• clavicle

• temporal bone

• zygomatic bone

• occipital bone

• scapula

• frontal bone

• maxilla

• pectoral girdle

• pelvic girdle

• mandible

• humerus

• Ilium

• sternum

• radius

• vertebra

• pubis

• costa

• sacrum

• Ischium

• patella

• ulna

• metacarpals

• femur

• talus

• carpals

• phalanges (2 places)

• metatarsals

• tibia

• fibula

• tarsals

• calcaneus

Osteoclasts vs Osteoblasts?

• Osteoblasts = bone-forming cells

• Osteoclasts = reabsorbs bone

Main steps of bone reformation?

1. Inflammation:formation of a hematoma at the break——(mass of clotted blood)

2. formation of a fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus——(fibers tie ends of bone together)

3. formation of a bony (hard) callus——(osteoblasts convert fibers to bone)

4. remodeling and addition of compact bone—-(osteoclasts re-absorb bone)

4 types of bones?

Long, short, irregular, flat

Flat bones (description & examples)

• layer of spongy bone between 2 thin layers of compact bone

• marrow, no marrow cavity

• EX) Frontal, Parietal, Occipital

Long bones (description & examples)

• shaft, 2 ends, & longer than it is wide

• thick outside layer w/ marrow-filled cavity

• ends of bone = spongy bone

• EX) Humerus, Femur, Radius

Irregular bones (description & examples)

• thin layers of spongy bone, surrounded by compact bone

• EX) Vertebrae, Sacrum, Maxilla

Short bones (description & examples)

• Roughly cubic in shape

• mostly spongy bone

• outside surface = thin layer of compact bone

• EX) Carpals, Tarsals