Anatomy unit 6- female reproductive

Major organs

• ovaries

• uterine tubes

• uterus

• vagina

• labia

• clitoris

• mammary glands

function of female reproductive

• produce female sex cells

• support developing embryo

• provide milk for newborns

primary sex organs

ovaries

secondary sex organs

internal genitalia

external genitalia

ovaries

• produce ova

• secrete estrogen and progesterone

• held by broad, ovarian and suspensory ligament

ovarian arteries

arterial supply to ovaries

tunica albuginea

• fibrous capsule of ovary

• simple columnar epithelium specifically germinal epithelium

ovarian cortex

hourses developing oocytes

follicles

multicellular sacs housing oocytes

ovarian medulla

loose connective tissue
contains blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

ovarian cycle

follicular phase (0-13)
ovulation (14)
leuteal (15-23)

ovarian cycle- follicular phase

• primordial follicle

• primary follicle

• secondary follicle

• tertiary follicle

primordial follicle

single layer of follicular cells

born with this

primary follicle

single layer of follicular cells

no antrum

secondary follicle

more than one layer of cells and growing cavities

follicular cells now called granulosa cells

small antrum

tertiary follicle

huge antrum

has corna radiata

ovulation

occurs halfway through ovarian cycle (day 14)

massive surge in LH

oocyte is suspended in space

luteal phase

tertiary follicle turns into corpus luteum

• produces lots of estrogen

progesterone makes linking sticky so embryo can stick

if not pregnant, corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans

corpus luteum

• secretes progesterone which maintains uterine lining

• if not pregnant, corpus luteum become corpus albicans

• if pregnant, it supports early pregnancy

recite chart on slide 16

oogenesis

process by which egg cells are formed

oogenesis process

• before birth the oogonia turns into a primary oocyte

• primary oocyte starts meiosis 1 until prophase 1

• paused until puberty

• during menstruation, primary oocyte resumes meiosis 1 and divides into secondary oocyte and first polar body

• secondary oocyte begins meiosis 2 but pauses at metaphase 2

• only continues if fertilized

• if fertilized, then meiosis 2 finishes and produces ovum and secondary polar body

fallopian tubes

simple ciliated columnar epithelium

attached to fimbriae

three parts

• infundibulum

• ampulla

• isthmus

fimbriae

finger like projection that moves ovum into tube

infundibulum

simple ciliated columnar epithelium

ampulla

ideal site of fertilization

smooth muscle

performs weak peristalsis during ovulation

3 layers of uterine wall

• perimetrium

• myometrium

• endometrium

perimetrium

outer layer

myometrium

thick smooth muscle layer

where oxytocin works

endometrium

inner layer

simple columnar epithelium

functional layer gets bigger during period

vagina

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

hymen

labia minor and majora

hymen

covers vagina

labia majora

has hair

labia minora

hairless and covers clit

vestibule

space that includes vaginal entrance and urethral opening

clitoris

small projection of erectile tissue

mammary glands

glands that produce milk

stimulated by prolactin

lots of adipose tissue

into ovary

• abdominal aorta

• ovarian artery

• ovaries

• ovarian veins

out of right ovary

• right ovarian vein

• inferior vena cava

out of left ovary

• left ovarian vein

• left renal vein

• inferior vena cava

sperm from testes to ideal fertilization in females

• testes

• seminiferous tubules

• epididymis

• vas deferens

• ejaculatory duct

• urethra vagina

• uterus

• ampulla of fallopian tube